Lewy body dementias (LBD), comprising dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), are defined by misfolded α-synuclein aggregation. Seed amplification assays (SAAs), such as RT-QuIC, enable sensitive detection of α-synuclein aggregates but typically provide binary readouts and require fluorescence labeling. Raman spectroscopy offers a label-free approach to detect subtle biochemical changes, and its diagnostic potential can be enhanced with machine learning.

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) exhibit high intra-individual variability, which can compromise reliability. One suggested approach to reduce this variability is averaging multiple MEPs. However, there is no evidence regarding the optimal number of MEPs required to obtain the most reliable amplitude and latency measurements from the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle.

In vitro models are crucial for exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) development and function. While long-term neuron-glia cultures have been well established in rodents, fewer approaches exist for amphibians or invertebrates.

Behavioral neuroscience experiments require precise stimulus control, millisecond timing, hardware integration, and robust data provenance. The growing use of 3D environments and multimodal recordings increases challenges for development, accessibility, and reproducibility. Fragmented tools often separate presentation, synchronization, and logging, creating workflow inefficiencies.

Epilepsy affects approximately 70 million people worldwide, with a third of them being drug-resistant and requiring surgical intervention. Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is crucial for effective surgery but remains challenging.

Neuroethologists study many non-model animals. The development of techniques for precise and standardized histological brain analysis is key for understanding neural mechanisms across species.

Activated microglia change their morphology from small cell bodies with highly ramified branches to become more amoeboid with shorter branches. Accurate morphometric assessment is key to detecting subtle changes in microglia state. Whilst there are many existing methods of analysis, 3-dimensional analysis using Imaris® software is widely used. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of reporting on what is required from users to ensure accurate and reproducible tracing - including little to no rational for the parameters chosen, and no comparisons between microscope types and magnifications.

The murine middle cerebral artery (MCA) perforation model is widely used to study subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but typically requires invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring to prove successful induction of hemorrhage. However, ICP probe placement causes substantial additional parenchymal damage, confounding long-term structural and functional assessments. Therefore, we investigated whether bilateral transcranial cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring, which does not cause any parenchymal damage, can reliably detect SAH induction in mice.

Error-related potential (ErrP) reflects the inconsistency between internal expectation and external feedback outcome. Despite the exploration of numerous experimental paradigms, ErrP components exhibit distinct latency and amplitude across different paradigms. However, previous studies have not quantitatively correlated potential influencing factors with this ErrP variability. Additionally, these qualitatively analyzed factors offer limited predictions for ErrP in new paradigms.

Complex spikes (CSs) in cerebellar Purkinje cells convey unique signals complementary to Simple spike (SS) action potentials, but are infrequent and variable in waveform. Their variability and low spike counts, combined with recording artifacts such as electrode drift, make automated detection challenging.

The ladder rung walking test assesses fine motor coordination in Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse models but relies on labor-intensive, subjective manual scoring, necessitating an automated, objective system.

TNF-α is a key proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammatory responses. However, conventional detection techniques pose sample volume limitations that hinder the temporal resolution that can be achieved using animal models.

Primary cerebellar cultures are a powerful system for studying genes and pathways involved in development and disease. However, maintaining the survival of Purkinje cells in vitro remains challenging. These neurons represent a small fraction of the cerebellar population and are highly sensitive to culture conditions, making genetic manipulation difficult. Existing protocols often use more than one culture medium, vary in the developmental stage of the cerebellar tissue used, and may require supplementary support cell cultures.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used method for investigating human brain dynamics. However, EEG analyses are frequently conducted with limited a priori knowledge regarding locations or latencies of meaningful statistical effects. This makes it difficult for researchers to form regions of interest (ROIs), which are then analyzed using traditional statistical models such as analysis of variance. To address this, mass univariate analyses have become a valuable complement to ROI-based approaches. These methods attempt to correct for multiple comparisons while mitigating the risk of false positives and false negatives, thus enabling statistical inference in high-dimensional EEG data.

Parkinson's disease (PD) involves concurrent changes in brain functional activity and white matter microstructure, yet single-modality analyses often fail to capture these complex alterations.

Evoked potentials (EPs) are responses elicited by stimulation of the nervous system that serve as key biomarkers for assessing neural function, connectivity, and pathophysiology. Reliable EP extraction is challenged by low signal amplitudes, unrelated neural activity, and background noise across overlapping frequency ranges.

The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a classical tool for assessing motor timing. While traditionally limited to temporal measures, smartphone-based versions enable simultaneous recording of both temporal and spatial parameters, opening new opportunities for digital phenotyping of motor behavior. We aimed to characterize the temporal evolution of both temporal and spatial metrics during a 30-second smartphone-based FTT.

Dynamic analysis has shown advantages in detecting psychiatric-related functional alterations using magnitude-only fMRI data. However, polarity dynamics in source phase derived from complex-valued fMRI data remain largely unexplored, though it offers additional information about brain networks.

Population receptive field (pRF) modeling is a cornerstone of retinotopic mapping in visual neuroscience, enabling precise mapping of visual stimulus processing in the human brain. However, pRF estimates are influenced by multiple sources of variability, including scanner properties, neurovascular coupling, physiological noise, and task-related factors. Traditionally, these estimates are treated as definitive because quantifying variance has been computationally infeasible.

Understanding visuomotor coordination is critical for advancing behavioral neuroscience, particularly in elucidating fine hand control in daily activities. However, its dynamic organization in corticomuscular networks remains unclear.

Quantifying behavior is essential across diverse fields including ecology, ethology, neuroscience, and human science, where posture information provides particularly rich insights. Caenorhabditis elegans serves as a valuable model organism for elucidating behavior through underlying neural and molecular mechanisms. However, accurately quantifying C. elegans posture from video images remains challenging, as existing methods each have limitations.