Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and circadian syndrome (CirS) are risk factors for the incidence of cardiometabolic disease. Our study aimed to investigate the association between CirS, IADL disability and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Socioeconomic disparities have been observed to negatively impact student health by increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases due to opportunistic pathogens. This research aims to assess the vulnerability of Candida through Social Determinants of Health among college students in Puebla, Mexico.

There is a growing realization that undernutrition imposes a significant risk for Tuberculosis (TB) burden, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite this rationalization, the association between undernutrition and tuberculosis is not explicitly demonstrated in the study settings. Thus, the aimed to evaluate the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adult tuberculosis patients in West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2023.

Access to high-quality postpartum care, especially in the first week, is vital for reducing maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. Despite its importance, immediate postnatal care remains one of the weakest areas in reproductive and child health programs. This study investigates the pooled prevalence and associated factors of immediate postnatal care utilization using recent demographic and health survey data from sub-Saharan Africa.

Hearing loss (HL) is among the most prevalent sensory impairments affecting the elderly population. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of handgrip strength to Cystatin C (HGS/CysC) ratio in assessing the risk of HL among the Chinese population.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan. Adolescence is a critical period for shaping lifelong behaviors, yet school-based health education remains limited, and inconsistently implemented. Digital health interventions offer scalable opportunities, but their feasibility, sustainability, and cultural acceptability in LMIC school settings remain underexplored.

Previous studies have emphasized the critical role of diet and gut microbiome in Metabolic syndrome (MetS). The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) represents a novel dietary index that effectively reflects the diversity of gut microbiota; nevertheless, its applicability to MetS and its components remains unknown.

In Uganda, urban centres face a high prevalence of HIV, exacerbated by misinformation(inaccurate or false beliefs about HIV transmission, prevention, or treatment), low testing rates, and non-disclosure of HIV status (not revealing one's HIV test result, particularly to sexual partners).However, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure within these urban and peri-urban centres remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV testing, misinformation, and non-disclosure in selected urban and peri-urban centres of West Nile, Eastern and Northern Uganda to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving HIV awareness, increasing the uptake of HIV testing services, and facilitating disclosure.

Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). In our study, we aimed to explore the correlation between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and CAD severity.

India continues to make a significant contribution to maternal anaemia, globally. Understanding the complex mechanisms of inequalities and how they perpetuate maternal anaemia at the national and state levels is essential. This study estimates the wealth-based inequalities in the prevalence of maternal anaemia and its contributors.

The possible interaction between dietary carotenoid intake and blood gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in patients with stroke has not been well studied. We investigated the effect of the interaction between dietary carotenoid intake and blood GGT levels on the prevalence of stroke.

The long-term effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure remain a subject of debate, with studies suggesting a range of outcomes from negligible to significant health impacts.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major global health concern. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been implicated in metabolic disorders, yet prospective evidence linking UPF intake to MASLD remains limited. This study examined the association between UPF consumption and incident MASLD in an Iranian adult population.

Chronic lung diseases pose a significant public health challenge in India. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of lung diseases in relation to wealth status and behavioural factors among adults in West Bengal.

Informal caregivers provide care for a substantial number of older adults in Ghana, underscoring their significant contribution within the health and social care systems. However, policymakers and researchers often prioritise the health and wellbeing of care recipients over those providing the care, which could undermine the health outcomes of informal caregivers. Therefore, research on health conditions and healthcare needs among informal caregivers of older adults remains limited in Ghana. To promote good health, wellbeing and equity, this study explores health conditions and healthcare needs among informal caregivers of older adults in Ghana.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health concern among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Diet quality, particularly antioxidant intake, may play a role in hepatic metabolic regulation. This study investigated the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and MAFLD, and examined the mediating role of flavonoid subclasses.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination can prevent cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but its uptake remains low, especially in Nigeria. Understanding participatory approaches can help identify local strategies to increase, build capacity for, and sustain vaccine uptake. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an innovation bootcamp in enhancing the knowledge and skills of youth implementers about HPV and cervical cancer as a strategy to increase vaccine uptake among Nigerian girls aged 9-14 years. An innovation bootcamp is an intensive training program that engages end users to build capacity and skills.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Ghana. In the Effia-Kwesimintsim Municipality of the Western Region, high treatment default rates raise concerns about multidrug-resistant TB. Since medication adherence is key to successful treatment, this study examined the predictors of TB treatment adherence and their associations with treatment outcomes.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent metabolic and endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Long-term management is crucial, yet the poor compliance and low sustainability of lifestyle interventions limit their effectiveness. Digital health interventions have demonstrated the potential to improve patient compliance. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of digital health interventions in improving PCOS management.