Hypocalcemia after initiating antiresorptive therapy is well documented, but the association between early changes in serum-corrected calcium (Ca) concentration and long-term bone mineral density (BMD) response in osteoporosis remains unclear. This study compared early Ca changes and BMD outcomes in patients treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab.

Osteoporosis is a common, underdiagnosed condition causing increased risk of fracture. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the diagnostic standard, this may not be successfully targeted to individuals at the highest risk. This study presents an extensive nationwide dataset characterizing DXA-scanning practices in Denmark.

To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and areal bone mineral density (BMD) as well as trabecular bone score (TBS) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine whether age or sex modifies these relationships.

Turner syndrome is a rare chromosomal abnormality in females who typically present with short stature, hypogonadism and increased risk of osteoporosis. Areal bone densitometry (aBMD) usually underestimates bone mass in people with short stature and the bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) can be used as an adjustment for height. The study aimed to assess the frequency of low bone mass and associated factors in Brazilian women with TS at a referral center.

A serious worldwide health issue, osteoporosis is characterized by weakened bones and a higher risk of fracture. Though alternative imaging modalities like quantitative ultrasound (QUS), radiographic absorptiometry (RA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) have emerged as viable diagnostic or screening tools, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is still the gold standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical usefulness, diagnostic accuracy, and dependability of different radiographic modalities for osteoporosis detection. In order to find papers published between 2001 and 2023 comparing DEXA with other radiographic modalities for osteoporosis diagnosis, a thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases was undertaken. There were ten studies that qualified. Study design, demographic characteristics, imaging methods, diagnostic thresholds, and performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, and correlation coefficients) were among the data that were extracted. Across studies, DEXA consistently demonstrated high precision and strong correlation with fracture risk, confirming its role as the reference standard. QUS showed moderate agreement with DEXA, supporting its use as a screening tool but not for diagnostic confirmation. RA provided good reproducibility but lower sensitivity compared with DEXA. QCT exhibited superior sensitivity (up to 91%) and early trabecular bone detection but was limited by higher cost and radiation exposure. Emerging evidence for REMS demonstrated strong correlation with DEXA (r = 0.85-0.90), comparable diagnostic accuracy, and the advantage of being radiation-free and portable. DEXA remains the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis; however, QCT and REMS show promising diagnostic accuracy and may complement DEXA for early detection and longitudinal monitoring. QUS and RA can serve as cost-effective screening tools, particularly in settings where DEXA is unavailable. Further large-scale, prospective studies with standardized diagnostic thresholds are needed to validate these findings and optimize imaging strategies for osteoporosis management.

This study developed a home exercise application, LongLifeSupport, which provides basic daily exercise videos and an automatic recording calendar. Exercise plays an important role in bone health, as it positively influences bone mineral density (BMD). However, its effects on drug treatment remain unclear. This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of exercise on BMD, quality of life (QOL), and physical function among patients with osteoporosis.

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have lower levels of physical activity, lower birth weights, and lower nutrient intake compared to their typically developing peers (TDP); which can put children with CHD at increased risk of impaired skeletal development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the bone architecture of children with CHD compared to TDP. Our secondary objective was to evaluate differences between CHD lesion complexity.

This study aimed to determine the differences in adherence and persistence between a daily and twice-weekly teriparatide regimens in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent and growing public health issue, particularly in aging populations, due to its association with fragility fractures, reduced mobility, and increased healthcare burden. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) remains the clinical gold standard for assessing bone mineral density (BMD), but it requires dedicated equipment. DXA is separately required from the radiography system for fracture diagnosis, making DXA difficult to access depending on the facility and region.

Multi-trait vs. single trait approaches, such as dis-integration patterns of key size-mass traits, may better capture the heterogeneity of bone strength profiles for skeletally complex populations like adults with cerebral palsy (CP). The objective was to assess if dis-integration of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived bone traits predict fracture incidence among adults with CP.

Graves' disease, an autoimmune hyperthyroid disorder, negatively affects bone health by increasing osteoclast activity, leading to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and heightened osteoporosis risk. Bone loss may persist even after thyroid levels normalize, possibly due to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb). This scoping review evaluates the impact of Graves' disease and its treatment on BMD, focusing on TRAb's role in bone loss. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we searched Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for English-language studies on the effects of Graves' disease on adult spine-related bone health. From 2,226 records, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening titles, abstracts, and full texts. Studies focusing primarily on postmenopausal women and older men consistently showed reduced BMD in patients with Graves' disease, especially in the lumbar spine. Elevated TRAb levels correlated with lower BMD, suggesting that TRAb contributes to ongoing bone loss despite achieving an euthyroid state. Anti-thyroid drug therapy partially improved BMD, but bone loss often persisted. Combining bisphosphonates with anti-thyroid therapy enhanced BMD recovery more than anti-thyroid therapy alone. Graves' disease affects bone health through thyroid hormone excess and TRAb-mediated autoimmunity, with persistent bone loss even after achieving an euthyroid state. High-risk groups like postmenopausal women and older men require targeted strategies addressing both thyroid and skeletal health. Future research should focus on therapies targeting TRAb and improving osteoporosis prevention to enhance outcomes.

The weakening of the musculoskeletal system in women suffering from osteoporosis often leads to an increased risk of falls. We delved into the relationship between the echo intensity (EI) of the resting and contracting medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) and its correlation with postural sway, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and the fall efficacy scale (FES) in women over 60 diagnosed with osteoporosis.

The 2025 Santa Fe Bone Symposium (SFBS) was a combined in-person and virtual "hybrid" meeting based in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, on August 8-9, 2025. There were an equivalent number of in-person and remote attendees from throughout the USA and other countries. The SFBS was immediately preceded, on August 6-7, 2025, by the 2-day Endocrine Fellows Foundation-Santa Fe Bone Symposium Workshop on Metabolic Bone Diseases. This preceptorship included basic bone biology, osteoporosis, parathyroid and rare bone diseases. Most of the fellows attended the SFBS, for a total of 4 days of non-stop education in skeletal health. The topics covered at the SFBS included controversies and consensus in the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; management of osteoporosis medication side-effects; lessons learned from bone biopsies; osteoporosis in men and premenopausal women; update on treatment of rare bone diseases; parathyroid hormone and skeletal health; periprosthetic fractures; update on Bone Health ECHO; and much more. Ancillary events addressed issues such as bone health through the menopause transition, hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemia, and osteoanabolic therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This report of the proceedings of the 2025 SFBS summarizes the highlights and clinical insights of the plenary presentations.

Chondrocalcinosis, defined as the radiographic evidence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition within joint structures, often presents variably, ranging from asymptomatic forms to overt clinical manifestations. Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is an advanced imaging modality traditionally employed for assessing bone mineral density (BMD), but it also exhibits potential in identifying incidental findings suggestive of crystal arthropathies such as chondrocalcinosis. This report presents a case of a 65-year-old female patient with a history of a vertebral fracture, in which REMS detected calcifications consistent with chondrocalcinosis, subsequently verified by conventional radiography. This case underscores the dual utility of REMS in both osteoporosis evaluation and as an ancillary tool for recognizing signs of CPPD deposition. Further research is necessary to delineate the broader implications of REMS in diagnosing and managing chondrocalcinosis.

This study compared the three-dimensional (3D) bone structure based on bone erosion in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a novel dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based 3D analysis tool.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain and functional limitations, with an unclear etiology. Multiple factors are implicated in its pathophysiology. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between the affected and unaffected feet in patients diagnosed with CRPS. Diagnosis was established using the Budapest consensus criteria. We previously described a technique for assessing focal feet BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), focusing on two regions of interest (ROIs) in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that patients with CRPS would exhibit significantly reduced bone mineral density in the affected foot compared with the contralateral unaffected foot.

To assess the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and sagittal spinopelvic alignment in postmenopausal women with low bone mass.

We examined the association of cognitive function with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteopenia. We identified 1070 participants (528 men) aged ≥60 years or older from the NHANES, 2013-2014. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning sub-test, Animal Fluency test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). After adjusting for covariates, one standard deviation increase in the DSST score was associated with increased BMD of the total hip (β = 0.022, P = 0.007), femoral neck (β = 0.024 P = 0.004), and lumbar spine (β = 0.025, P = 0.005) in females. When comparing females in the highest quartile of the DSST score to those in the lowest quartile, the highest score group was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR), 0.25; 95 % CI, 0.09-0.70] and osteopenia [OR, 0.35 (0.16-0.76)]. No associations were found between the CERAD test, Animal Fluency test, and bone health in females, or between cognitive function and bone health in males. In conclusion, higher DSST scores were associated with higher BMD and lower risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia in elderly females.