Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, arboviruses of major public health importance. The mosquito has a high adaptability, requiring the elimination of its primary breeding sites. In Brazil, breeding sites are classified by the Rapid Survey of Indices for Aedes aegypti (LIRAa) as water-holding containers suitable for larval development. They are categorized into five groups: A (A1-elevated water tanks, A2-ground-level water deposits), B (mobile containers), C (fixed containers), D (D1-tires, D2-trash), and E (natural breeding sites). This study aimed to verify whether the types of breeding sites changed in the course of 2 years and if socio-economic factors, neighbourhood population density, and illiteracy rates impact the occurrence of these types of breeding sites.

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of significant public health concern, particularly in regions where consumption of undercooked meat is common. Despite the importance of sheep as a potential source of human infection, understanding of T. gondii seroprevalence and tissue distribution in sheep in the Red Sea State in Sudan remains limited.

Despite international efforts to monitor antimicrobial (AAM) use, gaps persist, especially in Colombia's livestock sector. Therefore, this study aims to assign Defined Daily Doses (DDDCo) and Defined Course Doses (DCDCo) for cattle in Colombia.

Lyme disease (LD), a tick-borne infection, is endemic in Nova Scotia. One decade ago, the seropositivity rate to Borrelia burgdorferi was 2/1855 (0.14%). In the current study, using residual sera representing ages 10-64 years, we demonstrate an increase in seroprevalence, to 25/1872 (1.60%), with the highest seroprevalence in the western area of the province.

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic variant of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) (Newcastle disease virus) with a global distribution that causes lethal infections in pigeon and dove species. AOAV-1's infecting humans normally cause mild, self-limiting conjunctivitis, but since 2003, PPMV-1 has been associated with an increased number of severe and lethal respiratory and neurological infections in immunocompromised persons in the Netherlands, the USA, France, China and Australia.

We present the findings of a citizen science project conducted in the Autonomous Region of Aragón (northern Spain), which engaged rural schoolchildren, wildlife rangers, hunters, and members of the general public.

Campylobacteriosis is considered the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, with food being one of the main sources of infection. The occurrence of human campylobacteriosis, however, may differ between geographical areas and other factors. Our study aims to identify possible sources of Campylobacter infection in the Northern region of Portugal.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a certain incidence on farms in China, but little is known about its prevalence and the pathogenic Mycobacterium species. With the increasing application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), it is now possible to investigate the genomic diversity, lineage distribution, and drug resistance profiles of M. bovis at high resolution.

Rabies remains a significant public health concern in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), with domestic dogs serving as the primary reservoir host and transmission vector. Despite the endemic presence of rabies virus (RABV) within Lao PDR, molecular data on the current circulation of this virus within the country are limited.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is defined by the World Health Organization as one of the most important health threats, that needs a One Health approach. Monitoring AMR in livestock is an important element, which has been done in the Netherlands in a monitoring program since 1998. The aim was to analyse AMR trends during the periods 2010-2018 and 2019-2023.

Leishmaniosis is a sand fly-borne zoonosis mainly caused by Leishmania infantum in Europe. Exposure to this protozoan has been widely reported in many domestic and wild species. However, epidemiological surveys evaluating the circulation of L. infantum in zoo-kept animals remain limited. This large-scale study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of L. infantum in zoo-kept species in Spain as well as alterations in serum protein levels in L. infantum-seropositive individuals, to identify potential risk factors associated with L. infantum exposure, and to assess the dynamics of seropositivity in animals longitudinally sampled during the study period.

The introduction of PCR testing for leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand has reduced the availability of serotyping data, and current diagnostic PCRs do not routinely genotype Leptospira. This study genotyped Leptospira from PCR-confirmed human cases between 2016 and 2023 and compared them with genotypes found in animals to identify potential sources of infection in a 2023 human leptospirosis outbreak.

The Arctic is habitat for a range of animal species, many of which are consumed by Indigenous Peoples and are central to Indigenous food sovereignty. Country food (locally harvested food from the land, sea and sky) is nutritious, and harvesting country food is an important cultural activity, making understanding of potential zoonotic disease exposure an important concern for public health. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the animal-related research in the Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada and Greenland, with a focus on zoonotic pathogens in animals and humans. Overall, 3072 articles described animal-related research, with common topics including animal health, environmental contaminants in animals and animal population estimates, whereas few articles included a consideration of Indigenous Knowledges. Parasites were the most common type of zoonotic pathogens studied, with terrestrial and marine mammals the most studied species groups. Trichinella and Toxoplasma were the most commonly studied zoonotic parasites in both animals and humans. Brucella spp., Leptospira interogans and Francisella tularensis were commonly studied bacterial zoonoses in the animal health literature, whereas Clostridium botulinum (and toxin) was the most studied zoonoses in humans related to bacteria from animals. Rabies or exposure to rabies was the most common zoonotic virus studied in both animals and humans. Common objectives for both animal health and human health studies included estimating prevalence, identifying risk factors and describing morbidity or mortality. Studies estimating disease incidence or evaluating the effectiveness of interventions were uncommon. Climate change considerations were increasingly being included as a study component over time. In conclusion, although there is a substantive body of research on animal and zoonotic health in these regions of the Arctic, further engagement with Indigenous Knowledges and more focused study on disease prevention and intervention are crucial for safeguarding both wildlife and human health in this unique environment.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus primarily infecting house mice. The virus can be highly pathogenic, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and in congenital infections. LCMV is distributed worldwide but shows local clustering, probably due to the highly structured populations of its hosts and the vertical transmission of the pathogen. These factors should also promote long-term virus persistence in wild populations, yet this aspect remains largely unexplored. To investigate this, we resampled a transect in the western Czech Republic that was primarily studied more than a decade ago. Additionally, we analyzed a sample collection from Buškovice, a locality where LCMV was first detected in 2008, to trace virus presence back to the year 2000. Positive samples underwent whole-genome characterisation to assess the virus's genetic structure over space and time. We detected intermittent presence over 24 years in a geographically limited area, where LCMV was already present in 2000 and remained detectable in 2023. Phylogenetic analysis showed no clear spatio-temporal clustering, suggesting that virus persistence in Buškovice is a dynamic process involving mouse dispersal between neighbouring villages. Given LCMV's zoonotic potential and house mouse synanthropy, these findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring in the region.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health concern in Iran and particularly in Isfahan Province. Although numerous studies have determined the phlebotomine sand-fly fauna and CL occurrence in this region, no dedicated investigation of sand fly spatial distribution and Risk mapping has been conducted in recent years. Furthermore, no previous study has systematically assessed leishmaniasis vectors across 19 distinct sites in this province over a continuous five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Therefore, this study conducted comprehensive entomological surveillance to determine sand fly species composition, seasonal activity, and high-risk transmission zones for C in this endemic area.

Black flies (Simuliidae) are globally distributed blood-feeding arthropods and vectors of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens to many animal species, including humans. We investigated the occurrence of selected vector-borne pathogens in black flies in South Moravia, Czech Republic, and evaluated their possible role in the circulation of vector-borne pathogens.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus and transmitted through rodent vectors. China accounts for approximately 90% of global hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the only zoonotic pathogen that causes human viral hepatitis. Foodborne transmission of this virus is one of the most important transmission routes. In this study, performed in various hospitals between 2019 and 2024, we detected the HEV RNA in samples of 66 suspected patients in Eastern Slovakia. In total, 36 patients were found positive. Phylogenetic analysis of selected sequences (n = 26) showed that the majority (n = 22) clustered to genotype HEV-3 group 1. There were only four isolates that clustered to HEV-3 group 2. Statistically significant risk factors associated with viral hepatitis E were gender, age, health status and consumption of animal products. We also analysed suspected food products consumed by patients (n = 10) and animal product samples from stores (n = 218). Only 2 out of 55 (3.6%) pork liver samples from the same butchery shop were found positive for the HEV RNA, clustering to HEV-3 group 2. None of the other animal or food products were found to be positive. This report is the first to utilise genetic typing of the HEV from Slovakia in human patients, food and animal products. However, a direct relationship between human HEV infection and food was not found.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to both humans and animals. Zoonotic bacteria, such as Campylobacter, contribute to human infections and the spread of AMR, particularly through livestock, pets and wildlife. We investigated the prevalence, distribution and EUCAST ECOFF-based wild-type (WT) vs. non-wild-type (NWT) phenotypes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from different animal species in northwestern Italy, between 2014 and 2023.

Trophic interactions between populations of birds are assumed to facilitate the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). However, evidence from the field is lacking to support the hypothesis of trophic AIV transmission.

We report mortality in bearded vultures ( Gypaetus barbatus ) associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, responsible for the current HPAI panzootic. Between April and May 2022, a total of five bearded vultures from Spain, four free-ranging and one captive individual, were found dead in their nest or with acute symptoms of disease. Complete necropsies were performed and histopathological, immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses were carried out. The presence of the HPAI H5N1 virus was confirmed in different organs, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and feathers from the affected individuals. The complete viral genome was obtained from three of the affected bearded vultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the sequences obtained from the free-ranging individuals and the captive specimen belonged to the clade 2.3.4.4b and clustered separately. Furthermore, it supports that direct or indirect contact with other sympatric wild birds could be the most likely source of infection. This research highlights the susceptibility of the endangered bearded vulture to HPAI H5N1, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of the virus's host range.