Molecular subtyping guides bladder cancer (BCa) care but typically requires RNA profiling. This study aimed to develop pathology-based subtypes of BCa using pathology deep learning features derived from routinely obtained hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs).

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women globally, characterized by diverse histological and molecular subtypes, each with varying clinical outcomes. Understanding these subtypes and their associated risk factors is critical for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of global cancer death. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signalling pathway is one of the highly regulated signalling transduction pathways in cells promoting cell survival, growth, motility, metabolism, and proliferation. This signalling axis is aberrantly activated in a wide variety of tumours, such as breast, cervical, colon, gastric, liver, lung, ovarian, and prostate. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signalling axis is the most pivotal and overactivated signalling pathway in ⁓50% of HCC cases. Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, have been identified and isolated to date and are reported to have anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and hepato-protective properties.

Enhanced angiogenesis and impaired vascular integrity facilitate cancer metastasis. There is accumulating evidence that cancer-derived exosomes take a functional role in these processes. In our previous study, we revealed that Golgi Membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) can promote metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), and miRNAs can modulate angiogenesis and vascular permeability in HCC. The objective is to reveal that GOLM1 can promote HCC progression in an exosomal miRNA-dependent way.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis represents a severe complication in pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), significantly impacting both quality of life and prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens have emerged as promising therapeutic options for NSCLC patients lacking actionable genetic alterations. Large-scale clinical trials and real-world studies are progressing in this field. Increasing clini-cal evidence suggests that ICIs exhibit favorable efficacy and safety in treating NSCLC with CNS metastasis, particularly showing enhanced activity in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression levels (≥50%). This article aimed to review the therapeutic progress of ICI-based management of NSCLC with CNS involvement, covering systemic treatment strategies of ICIs combined with chemotherapy and multimodal treatment plans combining ICIs with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. By summarizing the results of existing large-scale clinical studies, the goal was to provide a phased summary for the clinical treatment of advanced NSCLC with CNS metastasis and propose ideas for future research directions.

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivatives have gained significant attention as anti-cancer agents due to their diverse biological activities. The objective of the research was to investigate the potential of thiazolidine derivatives as inhibitors of Carbonic anhydrase XII, an isoform overexpressed in hypoxic tumor environments, to explore their application as anticancer agents targeting breast cancer.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the major source of attraction for researchers as they significantly contribute to an individual's susceptibility to various diseases, as well as provide an insight into new diseases associated with a particular gene.

Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the most malignant gynecological cancers. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent the first-line maintenance therapy, effectively prolonging patient survival; however, the development of PARPi resistance poses a significant challenge for OV maintenance therapy. Previous studies have indicated that HNF4G functions as an oncogene in various tumors, but its role in OV development and Olaparib resistance remains unexplored.

Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) poses a significant global health burden, necessitating comprehensive molecular investigations to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome. Imatinib is considered the standard therapy for CML due to its targeted action against the BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase. However, resistance to imatinib often emerges, particularly in the advanced stages of CML. One factor associated with imatinib resistance is the overexpression of survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5, BIRC5). YM155 is an innovative survivin inhibitor that suppresses survivin expression and triggers apoptosis. Combination therapy is a strategy used to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment and overcome resistance.

The changing landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma detection and treatment is examined in this study, focusing on recent advancements in therapeutic methods across several stages. Early identification of hepatocellular cancer cells continues to pose a serious threat to human health and is of utmost significance. It is crucial to create a useful signature to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma early.

Metastases frequently occur in patients with colorectal cancer, resulting in a higher death rate. The study aimed to evaluate the mechanism by which Ti-mosaponin AIII affects colorectal cancer metastases.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is regarded as an aggressive endocrine malignant tumor. The understanding of ACC tumorigenesis is still incomplete. This study aims to identify candidate tumor mutation burden (TMB)-related prognostic genes and explored the potential molecular mechanism of ACC based on comprehensive bioinformatic methods.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a well-established therapeutic target in cancer treatment. In this study, a novel N-phenylacetamide derivative of theobromine, designated as T-1-PA, was designed as a potential semisynthetic EGFR inhibitor.

Breast cancer (BC) represents a complex malignancy shaped by both genetic pre-disposition and environmental influences, with growing evidence implicating the gut micro-environment in its pathogenesis. While the therapeutic potential of gut-targeted interventions has gained attention, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Tradi-tional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a valuable therapeutic approach due to its widespread availability and demonstrated clinical efficacy, particularly through its capacity to modulate gut homeostasis and exert systemic effects across multiple disease states, including breast cancer. Specific TCM formulations, including CCM, CMM, and MBC, have shown significant potential to reshape gut microbial composition, influence microbial metabolite pro-duction, restore immune homeostasis, enhance short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, regulate estrogen metabolism, and induce beneficial epigenetic modifications, thereby offering a mul-tifaceted therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. This review systematically examines the pharmacological mechanisms, molecular targets, and clinical implications of TCM-based in-terventions in breast cancer management, highlighting their potential to open new avenues in oncological therapeutics.

CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Beta (CEBPB) is an important transcription factor that regulates tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which CE-BPB regulates the progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) remains incom-pletely understood. Tumor progression depends on complex intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and epige-netic regulatory mechanisms of CEBPB in interactions between OSCC cells and tumor-infil-trating immune cells.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stands as one of the deadliest cancers globally. Given the urgent clinical need for more precise and comprehen-sive therapeutic strategies, the phytocompound methylophiopogonanone A (MO-A) demon-strates the potential as a candidate for ESCC treatment. This study aimed to verify the ther-apeutic effect of MO-A against ESCC and unveil its underlying mechanism.

To analyze LUAD cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) was used. Models of cancer immunity and LUAD prognosis were developed on the basis of correlations between immune and stem cell genes.

There is no consensus on the impact of young age (≤ 35 or 40) on breast cancer prognosis. In this study, a meta-analysis was carried out on the prognosis of breast cancer in young women.

The Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and treatment response. However, comprehensive understandings of TME-related immune subtypes and their mechanisms for precision medicine remain insufficient. This study aims to identify immune subtypes in CRC, develop a prognostic model, and explore the role of microbial diversity in tumor progression.