Penicillin allergy labels frequently lead to second-line antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis, due to concerns for cross-reactivity. This has led to increased patient morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. The most common perioperative cephalosporin, cefazolin, has unique R groups, the main antigenic portion of penicillin, which makes it safe to use in type 1 hypersensitivity penicillin allergy. We evaluated the effect of education on the incidence of the following: cefazolin usage in penicillin allergy labelled patients, allergic reactions, and surgical site infections.

Postoperative pain (POP) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent and distressing complications after surgery. Smoking has been proposed as a modifiable factor influencing these outcomes, yet evidence is inconsistent and scarce from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined whether current smoking status independently predicts early POP and PONV.

Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are frequently encountered complications in pediatric anesthesia. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the significant role of miR-18a-5p in PRAEs, thereby providing a novel biomarker for PRAE clinical management.

This study aimed to compare the effects of transversus abdominis plane block and hydromorphone on recovery quality in elderly critically ill patients after major abdominal surgery in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, focusing on postoperative activity, analgesic efficacy, opioid-related side effects, hemodynamic stability, and hospital stay.

Perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients is associated with various complications. This study aimed to develop a clinical prediction model for intraoperative blood transfusion in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery to minimize transfusion requirements and related risks.

Scoliosis correction surgery involves surgical wounds, intense intraoperative stimulation, and severe postoperative pain, often necessitating the use of potent-opioids-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), which have obvious side effects. An effective pain management strategy with both ensuring sufficient analgesia and minimizing opioid-related adverse effects is an urgent need in clinical practice. The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been reported to provide effective and safe analgesia in many surgical types. Building on this evidence, we hypothesize that ESPB can significantly reduce postoperative pain scores, decrease perioperative opioid consumption, and mitigate opioid-related side effects when compared to PCIA.

Cataract surgery is one of the most common elective surgeries and has been shown to be safe with low adverse event rates. Most cataract patients in the US receive one-to-one intraoperative monitoring and sedation administered by an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, termed "monitored anesthesia care" (MAC). Recent studies have suggested that non-anesthesia-led sedation approaches may safely be used in older adults undergoing cataract surgery. However, it is unknown how individual ophthalmologists perceive the risks of cataract surgery with respect to the need for MAC. We sought to characterize physician beliefs and opinions about the risks of performing cataract surgery when considering potential non-anesthesia-led approaches to cataract surgery sedation.

Although both perineural and intravenous dexamethasone have been shown to extend the analgesic duration of single-shot interscalene brachial plexus blocks (ISB), the optimal route of administration remains uncertain. This meta-analysis systematically compares the efficacy and safety of perineural versus intravenous dexamethasone as adjuvants to ISB in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Peritoneal symptoms, including visceral pain, abdominal discomfort, and vagal responses (e.g., nausea, bradycardia), are common during abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia. This study compared intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for their effectiveness in controlling these symptoms during appendectomy.

Geriatric patients commonly pose a significant challenge, mainly in emergency settings where the time to optimize the high-risk patient with other associated co-morbidities is inadequate, which predisposes these patients to a number of adverse outcomes postoperatively. There is paucity of data on intraoperative findings and predictors for length of hospital stay among elderly surgical patients in Uganda. This study assessed the intraoperative findings and predictors for length of hospital stay among elderly patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy at Jinja, Lira, Hoima, and Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospitals in eastern, northern and western Uganda, respectively.

Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is associated with adverse outcomes in high-risk surgical patients. Preoperative malnutrition may increase susceptibility to IOH, but evidence regarding its association with IOH assessed through multiple dimensions remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between malnutrition and IOH.

There is increasing evidence that prehabilitation before surgery may improve patient outcomes and should be established in perioperative care pathways. We aimed to explore the logistics of running a randomised controlled study delivering multimodal prehabilitation (exercise and lifestyle modification) of patients having aortic aneurysm repair. Our primary objective was to assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and adherence to study interventions. Secondary objectives were patient outcomes such as function, quality of life and postoperative complications.

Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with worse patient outcomes. Characterizing quality gaps in day-of-surgery glucose management can guide quality improvement teams to address this risk factor for infection, readmission, and death.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a continuous comprehensive nursing (CCN) system compared to routine care on postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Elderly patients commonly pose a significant challenge, mainly in emergency settings where the time to optimize the high-risk patient with other associated co-morbidities is inadequate, which predisposes these patients to a number of complications postoperatively. There is paucity of data on predictors of morbidity and mortality among elderly surgical patients in Uganda. This study assessed the predictors of morbidity and mortality among elderly patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy at Jinja, Lira, Hoima, and Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospitals.

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are highly prevalent among the elderly population. Identifying an ideal biomarker for postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these syndromes and various biomarkers, including S-100β, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1).