Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between air pollution and all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer stratified by clinical stages.

To determine the prevalence and determinants of benign prostate hyperplasia in Africa via a meta-analysis.

To characterize the prognostic profile of head and neck Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) and correlate findings with survival and surgical likelihood.

Recent laboratory and some human studies have shown that ω-3 fatty acids (FA) can inhibit tumor cell growth and induce a local anti-tumor inflammatory response, independently of androgen levels in prostate cancer (PCa) models. Our objective was to conduct a cohort study to evaluate if PCa patients with higher intake of ω-3 FA intake prior to diagnosis will have lower grade prostate tumors as determined by Gleason score at diagnosis compared to those men who consume relative lower quantities of ω-3 FA.

High participation rates are essential for the success of cancer screening programs; however, sustaining consistent engagement is a persistent challenge, especially in rural populations. To investigate the health literacy and cancer screening knowledge levels of women aged 30-69 living in rural areas who are eligible for at least one type of cancer screening, and to identify factors associated with cancer-related knowledge.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a significant public health concern in India, with a high disease burden and complex challenges in delivering effective care. This registry aims to shed light on the epidemiology, and barriers to early detection and treatment, to inform future research and policy initiatives.

The frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, even at moderate levels, influence both cancer incidence and outcomes. This systematic review examines the relationship between varying levels of alcohol consumption and the risk of developing cancer in U.S. adults. It also explores the comorbid conditions that may increase long-term cancer risk among alcohol users and identifies the social and demographic factors that place certain population groups at heightened risk.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are bone marrow disorders that often affect older adults and can lead to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a more aggressive cancer. While this progression is well known, national trends in AML-related deaths, specifically among patients with MDS, have not been well described.

Brain and nervous system cancers are the 5th most common cancer category in the United States and have a very low survival rate. Spatial analysis techniques can be employed to understand the distribution of rates and generate hypotheses about etiologies. The purpose of this study is to identify geographic patterns, time trends, and sex differences in mortality-incidence rate ratios, incidence rates, and mortality rates of brain and nervous system cancers.

Methylparaben (MEP), a ubiquitous preservative, is an endocrine disruptor with established estrogenic activity. However, its potential non-estrogenic mechanisms and causal role in breast cancer (BC) remain inadequately explored.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major contributor to the global cancer burden. However, no previous study has examined incidence and mortality across all GI cancer sites within a population, stratified by sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This retrospective, population-based study aimed to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of GI cancer incidence and mortality in New Zealand (NZ) from 2009 to 2019 and examining patterns across demographic subgroups. GI cancer cases (ICD-10-AM C15-C26) were identified from the NZ Cancer Registry and linked to the Mortality Collection to assess mortality. Baseline demographics were summarised, and age-standardised incidence and GI cancer-specific mortality rates were calculated. A total of 57,707 GI cancers were diagnosed in 55,611 individuals. The mean age at diagnosis and death were 69.9 (SD: 13.4) and 73.9 (SD: 12.9), respectively. Of those diagnosed with GI cancer, 54.4 % were male. Incidence trends varied by cancer site: small intestinal cancer increased annually (3 % in males, 4 % in females), while stomach and colorectal cancer incidence declined modestly for both sexes. GI cancer mortality declined significantly across all sites (males: RR=0.92;95 %CI:0.88,0.96;p = 0.002); females: RR= 0.91;95 %CI:0.87,0.96; p = 0.002). Māori and Pacific peoples had the highest incidence and mortality rates for stomach (incidence: 13.2 and 14.2; mortality: 9.3 and 7.1 per 100,000) and liver/biliary tract cancers (incidence: 14.1 and 18.1; mortality: 12.0 and 13.9 per 100,000). A clear socioeconomic gradient was observed, with higher incidence and mortality in the most deprived areas. This study reveals clear disparities in GI cancer incidence and mortality across sex, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in NZ. These patterns highlight the importance of tailoring cancer prevention and early detection efforts to ensure they reach the communities most affected. A stronger focus on equity is needed, not just in NZ, but also in other settings where similar gaps in cancer outcomes persist.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation may occur in cancer patients, leading to liver damage and early discontinuation of treatment. To evaluate vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B, this study investigated the prevalence of anti-HBs antibodies from patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies.

Globally, lymphoma incidence has been steadily rising, with notable regional and gender-based variations. Understanding these trends in developing countries like Sri Lanka is essential to address cancer control strategies.

Paediatric cancers are rare, yet, Italy has previously shown some of the highest incidence rates in Europe as a leading cause of death in children and adolescents. This study updates data from Italy for 2008-2017, analyses trends from 1998, and compares findings with other European regions.

Lung cancer predominantly affects the elderly. However, a small yet significant subgroup of patients below fifty years presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to describe the characteristics and outcomes of these young patients, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic strategies and better prognostic outcomes.

The number of melanoma cases has been rising over the past decades. Hence, screening is essential to provide early and effective patient management. However, screening for risk factors binds medical resources and may be conducted by patients. To evaluate the quality and validity of such a self-assessment, a systematic review of patient-expert agreement in dermatologic examinations is presented. A systematic review of studies examining participant-expert agreement on melanoma risk factors that were published until May 2025 was conducted. Included sources were retrieved from PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. Publications in languages other than English were excluded from the analysis. Of the 3562 records identified, 29 were eligible for evaluation. Six melanoma risk factors dominated the results: Typical and atypical nevi, skin phototype, freckles, hair and eye color., with typical nevi being the most frequently assessed risk factor (22 studies). Agreement is highly heterogeneous, ranging from predominantly weaker to scarcely reported substantial agreement, casting doubts on whether individuals should be tasked with self-assessment. Individual self-assessment may currently serve as a first indication of elevated melanoma risk but cannot substitute for dermatologic screening.

This study investigates the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the utilization of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) between 2004 and 2020.

Research findings on the relationship between blood cholesterol levels and lung cancer (LC) risk have been inconsistent, leading to inconclusive evidence regarding a definitive association. The present meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the association of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with the risk of LC, taking into consideration all relevant prospective cohort studies. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched from January 2005 to Dec 2024 to identify potentially relevant articles. This meta-analysis included articles reporting the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. lowest categories of at least one blood cholesterol component (TC, HDL-C, or LDL-C) or sufficient data to calculate the same in relation to the risk of LC. Based on the eligibility criteria, a total of 13 prospective cohort studies involving 2,718,010 individuals and 24,842 LC cases were included. The main analysis revealed a significant inverse association between HDL-C and the risk of LC (pooled HR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74-0.92). No statistically significant associations were observed for TC or LDL-C in relation to LC risk. In conclusion, higher HDL-C levels appear to be significantly associated with a lower risk of LC, whereas no significant associations is evident for TC or LDL-C. Maintaining healthy HDL-C levels through a balanced diet and regular exercise may help reduce LC incidence. Nonetheless, further large-scale prospective studies with adequate adjustment for confounding and preclinical bias are warranted to ascertain the potential causality.

Cancer recurrence is under-recorded in most national cancer registries. We developed and validated a clinical rule-based indicator to identify recurrence after curative major resection in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), based on national routinely collected administrative hospital records and chemotherapy and radiotherapy datasets.

There is some evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) might improve cancer survival, but reliable data for ovarian cancer are scarce. We evaluated this using data from the prospective Ovarian cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle (OPAL) study.