Tractography has been used in various studies with respect to the improvement of patient-specific DBS targeting. Nevertheless, methodological influences of the chosen parameters and associated errors are often neglected. The aim of this study was to estimate concrete errors associated with specific image processing steps when using measurements of distances to specific subcortical fiber tracts to predict optimal stimulation sites for DBS targeting.

Cervical disc herniation (CDH) in working-age adults may cause substantial functional impairment. But knowledge is sparse on their transition from primary care to specialist evaluation, and whether regional differences in referral pathways influence management and outcome.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease, especially prevalent among the elderly and is associated with reduced life expectancy. This study investigated mortality and causes of death after burr-hole drainage surgery for CSDH.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) pose not only neurological but also psychological and cognitive challenges. This study aimed to compare patients with UIA and aSAH and explore how psychological symptoms relate to their quality of life (QoL).

Congenital intracranial cystic lesions-epidermoid, dermoid, neurenteric, Rathke, colloid-encompass a heterogeneous group of entities whose surgical behavior is only partly explained by histology. We propose a dual-axis cisternal topographic model (medial-lateral × dorsal-ventral) to compare surgical outcome in congenital intracranial cystic lesions.

Surgeries performed at night may carry higher risk due to provider fatigue and reduced staffing, but data from neurosurgical populations are limited. We evaluated whether nighttime evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) was associated with increased complications or recurrence.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children is a rare but vision-threatening condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without an identifiable cause. While medical therapy remains the first-line approach, a subset of pediatric patients remains refractory, necessitating surgical or endovascular interventions. Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a promising, minimally invasive alternative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting, but its safety and efficacy in pediatric populations are not well-defined.

This study aimed to investigate the alterations in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and to explore the neuropathological mechanisms underlying these changes.

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) compression is a common cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS). Endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression (eMVD) offers several advantages, including minimal invasiveness, wide viewing angles, and clear visualization.

Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery is performed to reduce the risk of ipsilateral cerebral infarction in selected patients with chronic intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (ICAD) with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, postoperative watershed shift induced ischemic stroke (WSIS) may occasionally occur despite maintained bypass patency and improved CBF. We report the incidence and characteristic features of WSIS after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass for chronic WSIS.

Cerebral vasospasm remains a leading cause of delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Despite advances in critical care, current monitoring strategies are reactive and non-personalized. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to anticipate vasospasm risk.

Intracranial meningiomas(IM) are often associated with peritumoral brain edema(PTBE), visible as hyperintensities on T2/FLAIR MRI. Postoperative persisting PTBE-like changes likely represent gliosis that, in turn, contributes to surgical morbidity. Since the human eye is unable to distinguish between PTBE and gliosis on MR images, we hypothesized that radiomic analysis of preoperative peritumoral T2/FLAIR hyperintensities could distinguish preoperatively established gliosis from reversible edema.

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive option for treating epilepsy and neuro-oncologic lesions, including those deemed inoperable. However, it does not allow for histomolecular diagnosis.

Given the heterogeneity of atypical meningioma (AM) and potential interobserver variability in WHO grade assignment among pathologists, there is a need for more objective criteria to improve risk stratification. This study examined conventional and novel risk factors for AM progression, focusing on mitotic count (MC) and Ki-67, and explored their clinical relevance.

Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is increasingly used in neurosurgical practice for preoperative motor mapping. The resting motor threshold (RMT), a measure of cortical excitability, has been linked to postoperative motor outcomes. However, RMT is influenced by many inter-individual factors, potentially limiting its interpretability. This study aimed to assess the influence of clinical and anatomical variables on RMT variability in neurosurgical patients.

Socioeconomic factors are increasingly recognized in spine surgery outcomes. Although neighborhood-level deprivation is gaining traction in health outcomes research, its impact in lumbar spine surgery remains inconclusive.

This study aims to investigate the outcome of shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in relation to age at surgery, using data from the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR). The disease affects older patients, with a mean age at diagnosis of 74 years. Since shunt surgery, which introduces a risk of serious complications, is the only available treatment, appropriate selection of patients eligible for surgery is essential. It has been suggested that higher age negatively affects outcome after shunt surgery.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis that involves the central nervous system (CNS) in approximately 5% of cases, most often presenting intracranially. While pediatric cases have been reported more frequently, adult intracranial RDD (IC-RDD) remains poorly characterized. We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to define the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology, management strategies, and outcomes of adult IC-RDD. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for histologically confirmed cases in adults over 18 years, and case reports, case series, and observational studies were included. Data were extracted on demographics, symptoms, imaging, histopathology, treatment, and outcomes. Primary endpoints were recovery and recurrence-free survival (RFS), with risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using random-effects models. A total of 327 patients from 186 studies met inclusion criteria. The median age was 43.6 years (range 18-83), with a male predominance (70.9%). The most common symptoms were headache (35.2%), seizures or loss of consciousness (28.7%), and visual disturbance (26.9%). Lesions were typically supratentorial intra-axial (52.9%) or extra-axial (20.5%). Surgical intervention was performed in 93.6% of patients, with gross total resection (GTR) achieved in 45.3%. At a median follow-up of 18.8 months, 37.9% achieved full recovery, 46.8% partial recovery, and 15.3% experienced recurrence, with a median RFS of 12 months. GTR was strongly associated with improved recovery (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.19-0.37), whereas supratentorial intra-axial location (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.75) and perilesional edema (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47-0.89) predicted poorer outcomes. These findings indicate that adult IC-RDD predominantly affects middle-aged men, presents with mass-effect symptoms, and has a location-dependent prognosis, with GTR conferring the best chance of recovery but recurrence remaining common and underscoring the need for long-term surveillance.

Conventional surgical techniques for posterior circulation bypass have certain limitations, necessitating innovative approaches. This study evaluates the indications and outcomes of cervical carotid-to-V2 vertebral artery bypass-functioning as an extracranial "posterior communicating artery"-in the treatment of vertebrobasilar lesions.

Determine whether mirror intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) confer risk beyond aneurysm multiplicity and describe their distribution and longitudinal change.