To give an overview of the advances in treatment, diagnosis, and epidemiological data of urachal tumors in 2024 and 2025.

This review outlines a pathology-driven framework that integrates morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular profiling to inform personalized treatment strategies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly with immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Increases in wealth, scientific knowledge, and resources have contributed to unprecedented improvements in overall and urologic health over the past century. However, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions driving these advancements are a primary driver of climate change, including a substantial share contributed from the healthcare industry itself. Reducing resource-intensive processes in urologic care has been proposed to support environmental sustainability but these initiatives could conflict with economic forces that drive progress in biomedical innovation. Paradoxically, such strategies may also have unintended consequences for human health by slowing the pipeline or scientific discovery or delivery of treatment. A balanced approach can prioritize the elimination of low-value services in order to enhance care value while simultaneously reducing environmental waste and resource consumption. In this review, we examine strategies that seek to align environmental and economic forces in urologic care delivery within a market-influenced healthcare system.

Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples, with male factors implicated in more than 50% of cases. Concerns over declining semen quality - evidenced by a more than 50% drop in sperm concentration over four decades - have triggered investigation into modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors. This review summarizes recent evidence on exposures that negatively impact male fertility.

The purpose of this narrative review is to compile the latest available evidence on targeted therapy in the management of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-refractory nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a significant clinical problem, with limited bladder-sparing strategies. The following review aims to show the recent advances in systemic immunotherapy that are transforming the treatment paradigm in patients with BCG-refractory NMIBC.

The biological significance of urothelial carcinoma subtypes/divergent differentiation (S/DD) and clinical approach to them remain challenging issues. This review aims to summarize the most relevant recent information on urothelial carcinoma subtypes/divergent differentiation.

Gene therapy has emerged as an attractive bladder-sparing strategy for patients with high-risk, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), addressing a therapeutic gap for those ineligible for or declining radical cystectomy. This review aims to describe the recent advances in gene-mediated therapies for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is still dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, which has led to the development of new compounds - beyond androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) currently used in clinical practice - and that are able to overcome acquired resistance through AR mutations, splice variants or amplifications. With these new drugs, novel toxicities occur with new challenges for both patients and physicians. This narrative review aims to report and discuss emergent and/or related adverse events associated with these new hormonal therapies.

Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients with BCG-unresponsive disease have limited treatment options beyond radical cystectomy. With ongoing BCG shortages and the urgent need for bladder-preserving alternatives, this review examines the emerging role of oncolytic virus therapy as a novel intravesical treatment approach for this challenging patient population.

This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of solid-state pulsed thulium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (p-Tm:YAG) laser technology in endourology. Special focus is given to its application in laser lithotripsy and endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP), comparing it with established technologies such as holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) and thulium fiber laser (TFL).

To perform a systematic review of cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43) threshold considered by endourology literature to induce tissue thermal damage.

The management of localized prostate cancer (PCa) is shifting towards tissue-preserving strategies such as active surveillance and focal therapies. Intermediate-risk PCa, especially ISUP Grade Group 2 (GG2), encompasses a heterogeneous disease spectrum, complicating patient selection for conservative treatments. Cribriform architecture, a Gleason pattern 4 subtype, is associated with poorer outcomes and currently contraindicates active surveillance However, these conclusions are mainly based on retrospective data from older cohorts, raising questions about cribriform's independent prognostic value versus Gleason pattern 4 burden.

To provide expert recommendations for side effect management in patients with bladder cancer receiving intravesical-drug releasing system (iDRS) treatment and for optimizing iDRS insertion procedure success.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common neoplasms in young-adult males. Despite their good prognosis and high curability, some challenges remain, namely: overtreatment, discrimination of teratoma, prediction of relapse and cisplatin resistance. Novel molecular biomarkers are being tested for future clinical implementation.

This review aims to summarize the biology and clinical relevance of Nectin-4 in patients with advanced bladder cancer, with a focus on its role as a therapeutic target and predictive biomarker.

The expanding range of minimally invasive surgical therapies (MISTs) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) reflects a growing emphasis on individualized, anatomy-driven treatment that prioritizes symptom relief, reduced morbidity, and preservation of sexual function. This review provides a timely synthesis of MISTs, highlighting innovations in technique, key anatomical considerations, and evolving strategies for patient-centered care in the modern clinical setting.

Machine learning algorithms are occupying a larger space in medical and urology applications. However, typical medical physicians are not trained on these technologies and do not master the possibilities offered by these tools, to imagine their applications in the medical field. This manuscript is indented to be a guide in the use of machine learning in different urology applications, and to demystify the available machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. This manuscript reviews some of their applications and potential applications to the medical and urology field.

This opinion article from the EAU Endourology Section critically summarizes the existing evidence on flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheaths (FANS) to determine if they represent a paradigm shift in managing kidney and ureteral stones with flexible ureteroscopy (FURS). This scoping review aims to synthesize recent findings on FANS efficacy, safety, and potential to overcome limitations of conventional ureteral access sheath (C-UAS) and other modalities.

The aim of this review was to evaluate the outcomes of the various surgical techniques available today, focusing on their applicability to frail and/or elderly patients.