Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and temporal interference stimulation (TIS) as electrical neuromodulation therapy have shown promising applications in cognitive impairments. Meanwhile, the TIS technique is more novel, with deep and non-invasive brain stimulation. At present, the therapeutic or neuromodulation differences between TIS and tACS on post-stroke cognitive dysfunction(PSCI) are still unclear. Here, we aim to compare and analyze the neuromodulation model and clinical performances of TIS and tACS.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent condition characterized by a high incidence and disability rate, making early intervention particularly critical. It is essential to focus on addressing the underlying disease rather than solely alleviating symptoms through pharmacological treatments. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommends non-pharmacological therapies as the primary intervention strategy, with physical therapy identified as the principal method. Current rehabilitation training programs often present challenges, including prolonged treatment durations, complex procedures, and the necessity for medical supervision. Preliminary clinical observations suggest that core muscle strengthening training around the knee (CMSTK) may effectively reduce pain, enhance mobility, improve quality of life, and avoid the aforementioned limitations. Nevertheless, further high-quality research with larger sample sizes is required to validate its efficacy conclusively. This study aims to investigate the specific effectiveness of CMSTK for the treatment of EKOA.

Late preterm and early term infants are a large proportion of all births. Historically, outcomes were thought to be similar to those of full term infants, but recent evidence demonstrates worse outcomes. Although serious morbidity is less common than in very preterm infants, the impact of modest illness in large numbers of more mature neonates is significant, with 30-40% requiring neonatal unit (NNU) admission, primarily for respiratory disease. The SurfON trial aims to evaluate whether early surfactant therapy improves outcomes compared with expectant management in late preterm and early term infants with respiratory distress. The primary objectives are to compare neonatal hospital stay and incidence of severe respiratory failure, with secondary objectives assessing other perinatal outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a life-threatening condition marked by progressive respiratory failure due to pulmonary surfactant (PS) deficiency, typically presenting within hours of birth. Exogenous pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy has significantly reduced mortality associated with NRDS and improved clinical outcomes. The current standard of care involves the intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) technique. However, emerging evidence suggests that the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) may serve as a viable noninvasive alternative for neonatal resuscitation and therapeutic administration. This randomized controlled equivalence trial aims to compare the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of LMA and INSURE in delivering PS for NRDS management.

Stroke is a global health problem, and respiratory dysfunction post-stroke is a common complication that affects the recovery process of patients and their quality of life. In this study, we aim to investigate whether online Liuzijue training is non-inferior to the face-to-face one in terms of training efficacy and patient safety for stroke survivors with respiratory dysfunction.

The prevalence of mental health issues in young people is staggering, yet many face barriers in accessing professional help. These barriers, including stigma and long waiting lists, can prevent those in need from receiving the support they require. Teletherapy, which utilizes technology to connect individuals with mental health professionals, is emerging as a promising solution to overcome these obstacles. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online therapy globally, with therapists swiftly transitioning to digital platforms. The effectiveness of online therapy in youth, and factors that may potentially affect this, warrant further investigation. In a randomized controlled trial, this study therefore aims to compare the results of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to traditional in-person treatment, thereby investigating the modifying role of therapeutic alliance, willingness to participate in teletherapy sessions, age, and gender.

Currently, the most frequently used treatment for acute appendicitis in children in the United Kingdom (UK) is an appendicectomy. However, there is increasing scientific and patient interest and research into non-operative treatment of appendicitis. Despite a number of non-randomised studies in children and randomised studies in adults, comparative outcomes of non-operative treatment and appendicectomy in comparable groups of children remain unknown. Following the successful completion of a feasibility study, we now aim to perform a UK-based multi-centre open-label randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-operative treatment pathway of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children compared with appendicectomy.

Preventable adverse events in Australian hospitals are a significant safety issue, causing harm, death and increased healthcare costs. Many stem from inadequate recognition of, or response to, clinical deterioration by nurses that suggest gaps in current nursing practice frameworks. Responding to health sector demand, this study will adapt the evidence-informed HIRAID® nursing framework for use in hospital inpatient settings, implement and evaluate the standardised HIRAID® Inpatient framework to improve the quality and safety of inpatient hospital care.

Patients who undergo tracheostomy often experience respiratory muscle dysfunction and reduced airway clearance capacity, leading to reduced quality of life. While inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is effective at improving respiratory outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients, evidence about its clinical utility and safety, especially in tracheostomized populations, is limited. Moreover, the optimal IMT protocol for this patient cohort remains undefined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval inspiratory muscle training (HI-IMT) on diaphragmatic function, airway clearance capacity, anxiety levels, decannulation rates, quality of life, and safety outcomes among tracheostomy patients.

Binge drinking (BD) refers to repeated switches between intense and short intoxication as well as periods of abstinence. Subjective norms, drinking identity and social and enhancement motives are found to be the most dominant determinants of BD in college students. Targeting these psychosocial factors could be of public health interest in this population, in which up to one out of five students would practice BD. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of brief BD determinants-focused procedures, namely, hypocrisy induction (HI), social identity mapping (SIM) and motivational modeling (MM) as add-on interventions to motivational interviewing (MI), compared to MI alone, in preventing BD in college students.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating Plan is proven to lower blood pressure; however, the original DASH diet involved a set menu of meals prepared in a metabolic kitchen. There is little evidence mapping this dietary pattern to real-world groceries, tailored to a range of personal preferences and dietary practices.

The two-period randomised crossover design can be advantageous over the parallel-group randomised controlled design with two study arms, yielding greater statistical power and requiring smaller sample sizes. However, a general assumption of the crossover design is that study participants return to their stable baseline state after the experimental treatment has been withdrawn, either immediately or following a wash-out period.

Esophagectomy is a highly complex surgical procedure, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The postoperative complication rate is high, with pneumonia being the most common. These are thought to arise from (micro-)aspiration of bacteria residing in the oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is a prophylactic antibiotic strategy aimed at preventing these infections. SDD decolonizes the oropharyngeal and GI tract from pathogenic aerobic gram-negative rods, fungi and yeasts, while anaerobic, protective microbiota are preserved. The PERSuaDER trial aims to evaluate whether perioperative SDD can reduce postoperative pneumonia after esophagectomy.

Multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) is effective in preventing and slowing the progression of diabetic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, MDI can impose various psychological and economic burdens. Some oral anti-diabetic agents can reduce such burdens and improve patient satisfaction in T2D subjects during MDI. Imeglimin is a newer anti-hyperglycemic agent with pharmacological action on both insulin secretion and resistance, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in phase III clinical trials. Considering imeglimin's action, this study examines whether reducing the number of insulin injections with imeglimin contributes to improved treatment satisfaction in subjects treated with MDI.

Public information on US clinical trials is shared through the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. This study's goal was to determine prospective registration, results reporting, trial registration number reporting, and publication accessibility status for trials with primary completion dates from 2014 to 2017 affiliated with seven California universities.

Cervical traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) are the most prevalent type of traumatic spinal cord injury, marked by high disability rates, considerable medical expenses, and a poor prognosis for functional recovery. The clinical effectiveness of bony decompression in improving functional outcomes following TSCI remains limited, even when performed ultra-early (within 12 or 8 h), emphasizing the uncertainty and insufficient understanding of the extent of adequate decompression. The ISCUD trial aims (1) to evaluate the benefits and risks of combining expansive duroplasty with standard treatment compared to standard treatment alone; (2) to investigate whether spinal cord perfusion status, assessed by indocyanine green, is related to the development of spinal cord swelling as measured by intramedullary lesion length; and (3) to determine the necessity for additional expansive duroplasty based on these assessments.

Low pneumoperitoneum pressure (LPP) lowers the incidence of CO embolisms in minimally invasive liver resections (MILR), while higher pneumoperitoneum pressure (HPP) reduces intraoperative blood loss. This contradiction necessitates careful pressure management especially in major liver resections where intraoperative blood loss greatly impacts postoperative outcome.

Pain after breast plastic surgery affects quality of life. Physical therapy offers effective interventions for this condition, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Although this resource has been used for more than 20 years, no studies have been published that support its use following this type of surgery. Therefore, the aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effect of TENS on pain intensity in patients undergoing mastopexy with implants, given the existing evidence on the success of TENS for other conditions.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic, often debilitating neuropathic facial pain condition. First-line treatment is medical therapy, with carbamazepine (CBZ) being the gold standard. Surgery, including stereotactic radiosurgery in particular with Gamma Knife (GK-SRS), is usually considered when medical management fails, which occurs in >50% of patients. While surgery can provide long-term relief, prolonged disease duration before intervention is linked to a reduced response rate. A highly precise type of radiation therapy, GK-SRS is a non-invasive management option in TN, with a low risk of serious complications and fewer bothersome side effects compared to medical therapy. Evidence supports the safety and efficacy of GK-SRS in medically refractory TN, with published data suggesting that earlier intervention (within 3 years of pain onset) leads to improved long-term outcomes. However, the safety and efficacy of ultra-early GK-SRS-administered soon after TN diagnosis and before medical refractoriness-have not been examined. We hypothesize that ultra-early GK-SRS will yield superior long-term pain relief compared to ongoing medical management while also having a lower incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

Intraglandular therapy with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) for radiation-induced xerostomia and hyposalivation has shown promising effects on the salivary flow rate and in patient-reported outcomes. However, the mode of action is not fully understood, but changes in the salivary proteome have been observed.

Self-expandable valves (SEVs) and balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) are the most widely used transcatheter heart valves. In patients with ascending aortic dilation (AAD) who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), comparison of two type of valves is lacking.