To assess SBRT in the reirradiation of head and neck (H&N) cancers.

Breast cancer (BC) arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Although male BC accounts for <1 % of all BC cases, its incidence seems to be increasing. Germline pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes underlie about 30 % of male BC patients. This study aimed to identify the genetic cause of BC in a man to facilitate his clinical management and enable genetic counseling and preventive screening for his at-risk relatives.

Lifileucel, a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, provides renewed hope for individuals with advanced, treatment-resistant malignancies. This is a groundbreaking advancement in cancer immunotherapy. Revolutionizing the way the immune system fights cancer, this state-of-the-art cellular therapy takes advantage of TILs' innate capacity to target tumors. Lifileucel is an innovative medicine that is garnering attention in oncology. It has shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, assisting individuals unresponsive to other therapy in sustaining their responses and enhancing their survival rates. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary perspectives on Lifileucel, including its mechanism of action, clinical results, challenges and potential applicability to a broader spectrum of solid tumors. The Lifileucel concept has initiated a new epoch in personalized cancer therapy. This review offers a forward-looking perspective on the potential advancements and opportunities for establishing Lifileucel and TIL-based therapies as a cornerstone in cancer therapy.

To evaluate whether perineural invasion independently predicts Gleason score upgrading during active surveillance in patients undergoing MRI-US fusion biopsy.

To evaluate the levels of angiogenesis-related biomarkers, including Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), Endostatin, Osteopontin, and Tumstatin, in prostate cancer patients and their relationship with tumor spread and clinical parameters.

This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immunotherapy plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in TNBC patients, published from inception through 30 June 2022. Outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse events (AEs), and immune-related AEs (irAEs), analyzed using hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs). The addition of ICIs to chemotherapy improved pCR (OR 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.28-2.83, *P* = 0.002) and event-free survival (EFS) (HR 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.51-0.82, *P* = 0.0004) in the neoadjuvant setting. Notably, pCR benefits persisted regardless of PD-L1 status (OR 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.26-2.16, *P* = 0.0002 in PD-L1-positive patients; OR 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.04-2.33, *P* = 0.03 in PD-L1-negative patients). In the adjuvant setting, ICIs significantly prolonged PFS in both the intention-to-treat population (HR 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.74-0.90, *P* < 0.0001, *I*² = 0 %) and PD-L1-positive subgroups (HR 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.62-0.82, *P* < 0.00001, *I*² = 12 %). However, combination therapy increased the incidence of any-grade AEs, serious AEs, and grade ≥3 AEs in neoadjuvant treatment. The experimental group also exhibited higher toxicity for irAEs, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These findings support the use of ICIs with chemotherapy for TNBC, though careful monitoring of adverse effects is warranted. PROSPERO registration number:CRD42022367366.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of current diagnostic tools. Conventional methods such as urinary cytology, imaging, and ureteroscopy have important drawbacks, including low sensitivity, high costs, and procedural invasiveness. As a result, there is a growing need for non-invasive, highly accurate diagnostic approaches. Epigenetic biomarkers, particularly DNA methylation-based assays, have emerged as promising alternatives for UTUC detection and surveillance. Among these, Bladder EpiCheck® (BE) has shown remarkable sensitivity and specificity, particularly for high-grade tumors, making it a valuable adjunct to standard diagnostic techniques. By analyzing tumor-specific methylation patterns in urine samples, BE offers a practical and non-invasive solution that could improve early detection, reduce the need for ureteroscopy, and enhance risk stratification. Several studies have demonstrated its superior diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity reaching 97.4 % and specificity up to 100 % for high-grade UTUC. Despite these advantages, challenges remain regarding the standardization of testing protocols, validation in larger patient cohorts, and evaluation of cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the role of DNA methylation biomarkers in guiding clinical decisions and predicting disease progression requires further investigation. This review explores the current state of UTUC diagnosis, compares BE with conventional and emerging biomarkers, and discusses its clinical applications, limitations, and future perspectives. The integration of molecular biomarkers like BE into clinical practice has the potential to revolutionize UTUC diagnosis, improving patient outcomes through more precise, non-invasive detection strategies.

One of the most common malignancies diagnosed globally is breast cancer, a condition that is impacted by both environmental and genetic causes, there are three distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). About 70-75 % of instances of breast cancer are HR+, whereas 15-25 % of cases are HER2+ tumours, which can be successfully treated with targeted therapy. TNBC poses specific treatment problems and is linked to an increased risk of early recurrence because it lacks expression of ER, PR, and HER2. With the discovery of Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), such as ribociclib, palbociclib, and abemaciclib, the treatment of advanced HR+/HER2- breast cancer has shifted. These drugs are essential for arresting the cell cycle and limiting tumour growth. These inhibitors particularly target the cell cycle development from the G1 to the S phase, which is frequently dysregulated in breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors' full potential is still being investigated, including the way they might be applied to various breast cancer subtypes and in conjunction with other treatments. This review comprehensively examines the utilization strategies of CDK 4/6 inhibitors across various breast cancer subtypes, explores the mechanism of resistance, and highlights potential applications in combination with other treatments. Through a detailed analysis of clinical trials and real-world data, The review highlights how CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for breast cancer, paving the way for optimized treatment outcomes.

MAGE-A3, a cancer-testis antigen, is a promising immunotherapeutic target due to its high expression in various malignancies and limited expression in normal tissues. However, clinical outcomes with MAGE-A3-based therapies have been inconsistent.

To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of toripalimab in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on clinical trial reports.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, often affecting postmenopausal women but also seen in younger patients. Standard treatment includes hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which may lead to menopausal symptoms, especially in premenopausal women. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in survivors remains controversial due to concerns about stimulating cancer cells. This study aims to evaluate the impact of postoperative HRT on cancer recurrence, survival outcomes, and quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors.

To summarize the disease characteristics of pulmonary blastoma, analyze related prognostic factors, and share the diagnosis and treatment process.

This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal therapy, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and combination therapy in the management of aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM).

Patient reported outcomes (PRO) usually report greater symptom toxicity compared to physician reported outcomes (PhyRO). In the present study, we measured PRO about symptom toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy and compared them with the PhyRO. We analysed the factors responsible for greater symptom severity on PRO. We also assessed the health-related Quality of Life (QoL).

Accurate intraoperative assessment of tumor characteristics for endometrial cancer, including histological type, grade, and depth of myometrial invasion (MI), is essential for determining the extent of surgery, particularly lymphadenectomy. This study aims to evaluate the concordance between intra-operative frozen section analysis (IFS) and final histopathology (FH) in endometrial cancer cases.

With recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy, particularly with the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for various cancer indications, patients now have a wider array of treatment options, even for those with metastatic disease. Still, the survival benefit of immune-checkpoint inhibitors is modest, and there is concern about drug toxicity. In addition, there is ongoing exploration into combination therapy involving immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which come at the risk of increased toxicity. Unfortunately, due to the cost of the currently approved doses and dosing intervals, many patients in the community in the United States and low- and middle-income countries lack access to these transformative therapies. Further, the observation of resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and limitations of currently approved doses and dosing intervals warrants changes in current practice. This review paper discusses both model-based and clinical studies in the current literature. Strategies for improving access to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and expanding their utilization, including weight-based dosing instead of fixed dosing, dose and dose interval adjustments, development of biomarkers and scoring systems for personalization of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and alternative trial design, are discussed.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in the female population and one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Many factors which may impact the development and outcome of this complex disease have been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze factors that affect neoadjuvant therapy outcomes and create an outcome prediction model based on these factors.

Lenalidomide, as an immunomodulatory drug, has significantly contributed to advancements in hematologic malignancies. However, lenalidomide therapy has been associated with rare but severe complications, particularly therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-ALL). This study aims to contribute to understanding the clinical, genetic, and therapeutic characteristics of t-ALL following lenalidomide therapy. To achieve this, cases reported in the literature were reviewed, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted with the addition of two new case reports.

Lymphoma commonly presents in the head and neck. Studies on the sensitivity of core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing subtypes of lymphoma are mixed. We performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature to uncover the sensitivity of CNB in diagnosing lymphoma subtypes.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in young women pose significant challenges to fertility due to the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions. While fertility preservation options exist, counseling remains underutilized, limiting patients' reproductive choices. This systematic review and case series examine the impact of GI cancer treatments on female fertility, available preservation techniques, pregnancy outcomes and sexual dysfunction. Despite advancements in fertility preservation, implementation remains suboptimal, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve counseling and reproductive outcomes. Raising awareness and promoting early intervention can enhance fertility preservation efforts and improve the quality of life for young female cancer survivors.

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis tool. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have become promising biomarkers due to their stability and regulatory roles in cancer biology. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hsa_circ_0008285 as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer (OC). 102 paired cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples, along with plasma from 98 OC patients, 42 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) patients, 35 endometriosis patients, and 93 healthy donors, were analyzed. Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified using Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-throughput sequencing in OC tissue samples (n = 4). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression of hsa_circ_0008285. Diagnostic efficacy and sensitivity were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. High-throughput sequencing identified hsa_circ_0008285 as the most significantly upregulated circRNA (P = 0.000012). qRT-PCR results confirmed increased expression of hsa_circ_0008285 in OC tissues and plasma compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.6567-0.8306, P < 0.0001), indicating moderate diagnostic potential. Notably, the combined detection of hsa_circ_0008285 and CA_125 improved diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Correlation analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0008285 upregulation was associated with tumor size, differentiation, and T stage. These findings suggest that hsa_circ_0008285 holds promise as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of OC, with potential applications in clinical practice.