Hemorrhagic transformation is one of the most common complications of acute ischemic stroke. However, the association between hemorrhagic transformation and internal carotid artery (ICA) tortuosity has rarely been investigated. This study investigated the effect of ICA tortuosity on hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke.

To investigate the prevalence and pattern of color vision deficiency (CVD) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON), and to assess its potential as a marker of subclinical optic pathway dysfunction.

Approximately 50-70% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience at least one fall event during their lifetime. These events can have debilitating consequences in the quality of life of the individuals' experiencing them, as they can often result in injury, extending beyond physical harm, which may negatively impact the rehabilitation process as well as their psychological well-being.

Neuroplasticity is the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to adapt structurally and functionally in response to motor and sensory dysfunction caused by injury and disease. Spinal interneurons (INs) are key components of neuroplastic changes that ameliorate impaired motor function after CNS injury. A lateral spinal cord hemisection model exhibited spontaneous motor recovery of the hind limb on the affected side. Hence, neuroplastic changes within the spinal cord on the affected and/or unaffected side may occur during motor recovery following unilateral spinal cord injury (SCI). However, it remains unclear how the spinal neurons on the affected and unaffected side contribute to motor recovery in the ipsilesional hind limb following unilateral SCI. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the thoracic spinal neurons above the lesion were involved in the motor recovery of the ipsilesional hind limb in a unilateral SCI model. Following unilateral SCI, hind limb motor function on the ipsilateral side was initially impaired but showed spontaneous recovery in the behavioral tests, which was subsequently lost after ablation of thoracic spinal neurons in the ipsilesional spinal cord above the lesion. In contrast, changes in the ipsilesional hind limb motor function were not observed after ablation of the contralesional thoracic spinal neurons. These results suggest that thoracic spinal neurons on the ipsilesional side above the lesion are key components for hind limb motor recovery in a model of unilateral SCI.

Pain, particularly cramping, in people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often underrecognized and under-treated. Despite affecting over 70% of people living with ALS (plwALS), cramping pain remains inadequately managed due to its complex nature and the difficulties plwALS face in communicating their symptoms as the disease progresses. This systematic review explores both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for cramping pain in ALS, aiming to assess and compare their efficacy.

Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) is a recently introduced device-aided treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease. Data on long-term outcomes remain limited, with only two published studies to date. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of LECIG treatment, focusing on safety, adverse events, and treatment adherence.

Circadian rhythms - endogenous 24-h oscillations - shape the risk, pathophysiology, and recovery of ischemic stroke. Diurnal variation in stroke onset, severity, and treatment responsiveness reflects clock control over cardiovascular tone, hemostasis, immune activity, neurovascular integrity, and metabolic homeostasis. After a stroke, circadian misalignment can blunt repair programs, amplify neuroinflammation, and accelerate cognitive decline.

This article examines a rare 1894 letter by American homeopath Stella Hunt (1860-1925), recounting her 1892 visit to Jean-Martin Charcot's clinics at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. As one of the few female physicians of her time, Hunt offers a unique perspective on Charcot's teaching, the clinical environment, and the reception of women in French medical institutions. The article also provides biographical insights into Hunt's career and explores the intersections between homeopathy and neurology at the close of the 19th century.

We revisit a landmark clinical case recorded by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1877-78, describing a patient with bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This case offers a rich window into Charcot's observational method, clinical reasoning, and early neuropathological insights. We discuss the methodological rigor of Charcot's case analysis and place it in dialogue with modern understandings of ALS pathophysiology, diagnosis, and care. This historical reflection highlights how 19th-century neurology laid the foundation for current multidisciplinary approaches to managing neurodegenerative diseases.

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical records of TSC patients, focusing on the first onset times and age ranges for various symptoms.

Given the increasing number of patients suffering from pain associated with dysautonomic symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we aimed to estimate the occurrence of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) in a cohort of long coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients reporting postinfectious neuropathic pain.

Introduction: Strokes rank among the most common acute conditions in neurology, leading to substantial increases in morbidity and mortality rates. It is essential to preserve patients' autonomy in decision-making regarding resuscitation measures to prevent unnecessary interventions and safeguard their right to self-determination. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with an active decision against post-stroke patient resuscitation.

In patients enrolled in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial levels of osteopontin, neopterin, N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), myeloperoxidase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), resistin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), adiponectin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 (Lp-PLA2), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble CD40-ligand (sCD40L), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured 1-6 months after the qualifying stroke or TIA. We determined whether any of these biomarkers were associated with disability in case of recurrence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) and analyze the relationship between clinical and brain MRI characteristics and disease prognosis.

While small-scale studies have linked calcifications to functional impairment of the choroid plexus, their association with systemic inflammation remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between choroid plexus calcifications (CPCs) and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a reliable biomarker of systemic inflammation, in middle-aged and older adults.

Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder with a complex clinical picture, which may affect the daily functioning of patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in healthcare, potentially offering valuable support to patients. However, its accuracy in specific medical domains remains inadequately assessed. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy, completeness, and readability of responses from ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity to queries about narcolepsy.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for the development of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). This study was performed to evaluate the impact of intensive antihypertensive treatment on the progression of imaging markers and cognitive function of SVD.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between alcohol use pattern and ischemic stroke risk.