Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, yet it remains under-recognised and misdiagnosed, which delays treatment, causes inaccurate prognosis and limits research opportunities. Imaging with 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is a supportive DLB biomarker. We evaluated a multivariate, quantifiable metabolic network biomarker, termed DLB-related pattern (DLBRP), for its further clinical translation across centres and disease stages.

Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (NASAH) accounts for less than 20% of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, its epidemiological characteristics, risk factors and aetiology remain poorly defined.

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), a central nervous system disorder associated with GFAP autoimmunity, remain controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of the intrathecal reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with GFAP-A.

Higher vitamin D has consistently been associated with a lower multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, but some controversy remains about whether this is due to vitamin D itself or sunlight.

The socioeconomic burden of early onset dementia (EOD) defined as disease onset before the age of 65 years, is substantial due to its widespread disabling effects in relatively young individuals. While dementia is widely recognised as a major contributor to mortality among the elderly, only a limited number of studies have assessed survival and factors associated with prognosis specifically in EOD.

Synapses are essential for cognitive processes, and synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beta (β)-synuclein, a homologue of alpha-synuclein, is a presynaptic phosphoprotein abundantly expressed in the brain. It has emerged as a promising candidate biomarker for synaptic dysfunction. However, its role in longitudinal clinical progression has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the associations of serum β-synuclein levels with AD pathologies, cognitive performance and progression to dementia.

Weight loss is a substantial non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with worse clinical outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms of PD-related weight loss by examining the correlation between body composition and various plasma metabolites.

The main goal of treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is to reduce the occurrence of relapses. However, little is known about the natural history of relapse recovery.

Few studies have investigated patient-reported non-motor outcomes after stroke in young adults. We aimed to assess their prevalence and patterns in this population to identify unmet needs.

Recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly heterogeneous. Characterising longitudinal functional trajectories may enable more individualised care and inform the trial design. This study aimed to identify distinct patterns of functional recovery in the first 12 months post-injury using the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOSE).

Detection of immunoglobulin G targeting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) is the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis of MOG antibody-associated disease. Laboratory biomarkers have the potential to predict disease course and activity, thus informing prompt therapeutic decisions to minimise relapse-associated disability accrual.

Resective epilepsy surgery is an established clinical intervention, but the cost-effectiveness at a national healthcare level is uncertain. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of resective epilepsy surgery compared with medical management in adults from national healthcare and personal social services perspectives.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is effective in many neuroinflammatory disorders but carries a risk of thromboembolic events (TEEs). Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) is effective, but its thromboembolic risk profile is less well-described, particularly in patients with prominent vascular risk factors. We investigated the thromboembolic risk profile of IVIg and SCIg using a large single-centre retrospective dataset of patients with neuroinflammatory disorders.

Evidence on relapse activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment differs. We investigated whether relapse activity increased after ART initiation.

Treatment of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a relevant unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS), being only modestly affected by disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) which target predominantly adaptive immunity in the periphery. As chemotherapy administered during autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is bioavailable within the central nervous system (CNS), the hypothesis that AHSCT could affect long-term PIRA was explored in aggressive relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS.

Contact sports, including rugby union, are associated with higher rates of neurodegenerative dementia, due to various underlying pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). New ultrasensitive multiplexed immunoassays may clarify disease mechanisms after repetitive head impacts (RHI) and traumatic brain injury, potentially aiding risk-stratification, early diagnosis and dementia treatment.

Late-onset Pompe disease has a characteristic pattern of fat replacement and wasting of especially axial and hamstring muscles. This characteristic pattern of muscle degeneration is still to be explained but could relate to differences in how glycogen is deposited in the different muscles. This cross-sectional observational study investigates the glycogen levels of different muscle groups in young late-onset Pompe subjects and matched controls.

Stroke remains a significant global health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite advances in treatment and prevention. Understanding stroke trends is crucial for guiding prevention and healthcare strategies.

Patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody (LGI1-Ab) encephalitis are typically elderly men that often carry human leucocyte antigen (HLA)- (≈90%). Herein, we aimed to investigate whether patients with atypical demographic profiles or not carrying have distinct clinical manifestations and outcome.

Motor and cognitive dysfunctions are common and disabling features in multiple sclerosis (MS) that remain challenging to treat. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of exergames as a stand-alone approach for people with MS and impaired processing speed.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the usefulness of the 'hot cross bun' sign (HCBS) as a diagnostic imaging marker in a large cohort of patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA).

Late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS) now comprises over 10% of MS diagnoses in contemporary cohorts. The effectiveness of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in LOMS is unclear. We aimed to establish the comparative effectiveness of moderate-high-efficacy versus low-efficacy DMTs in LOMS.

Physical activity has been associated with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory benefits, potentially influencing long-term disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, longitudinal evidence on its role in modifying disease progression remains limited.