Opioid addiction poses a significant challenge to both the health of mothers and the outcomes for their newborns. Treatments based on buprenorphine offer a proven strategy for addressing opioid dependence among pregnant women. Various studies have examined the effectiveness of buprenorphine treatments versus methadone, revealing several potential advantages of buprenorphine for the outcomes of newborns. This systematic review sought to clarify the benefits and risks associated with buprenorphine therapy.

Addressing the opioid crisis requires opioid use disorder (OUD) prevalence estimates at the community level for targeted interventions. This study presents a new method that utilizes Medicaid claims data and publicly available data to estimate OUD prevalence at the United States (US) county level and compares it with other existing estimates.

Opioid use disorder (OUD), cannabis use disorder (CUD) and cocaine use disorder have been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including certain ocular manifestations; however, their impact on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to measure the association between OUD, CUD and cocaine use disorder and the risk of DR among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

This study sought to validate a community-acceptable Substance Use & Sex Index (SUSI) for use in substance use intervention research. SUSI aims to measure behaviours associated with the transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among people who use substances and incorporate contemporary sexual and drug practices.

In the United States (US), Tobacco 21 (T21) laws set the minimum legal sale age for all tobacco products to 21 years. This study aimed to examine whether e-cigarette-inclusive T21 laws were associated with e-cigarette use behaviors and related disparities among US adolescents.

This study examined whether socio-economic status (SES) and geographic remoteness are associated with cannabis consumption across Australia by comparing wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) data and self-reported cannabis use in national household surveys.

BACKGROUND AND  AIMS: Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) have seen a dramatic rise in sales since their introduction to the US market in 2016. We aimed to define the relationship between ONP prices and sales (e.g. price elasticity of demand) and determine how taxes on cigarettes and e-cigarettes (ECs) impact ONP sales.

In recent years, the potency of natural cannabis products (herb and resin) has increased with a higher delta- 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) content, but there are limited data on trends on clinical presentation and severity of toxicity in cannabis users consulting the emergency department (ED) for acute intoxication. This study aimed to analyse the evolution over time of clinical findings and severity of presentations in a large series of patients presenting to European EDs with acute toxicity after lone cannabis use.

Korsakoff's syndrome is an alcohol-related neurocognitive disorder characterized by episodic memory impairments, apathy, confabulations and poor illness-insight. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate mean effect sizes of performance in social cognition in people with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) compared with controls.

Affordability of alcohol is a key driver of consumption. The cost-of-living crisis in Great Britain has been putting pressure on household budgets since late 2021. In addition, the UK Government implemented substantial reforms to the alcohol duty system and increased alcohol taxes in 2023. This study aimed to estimate changes in the monthly prevalence of cost-motivated alcohol reduction attempts among risky drinkers over this period.

People who use drugs are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. We aimed to provide a broad synthesis of the epidemiology, harms and interventions related to drug use and drug use disorders among incarcerated adults worldwide, and highlight gaps in evidence and practice.

Canada's 2018 legalization of non-medical cannabis was positioned as a public health initiative, intended to shift cannabis use from criminalization to regulation. Since then, cannabis access and consumption have grown significantly but the systems used to monitor cannabis-related harms have not kept pace. Most national surveys remain focused on patterns of use rather than indicators of harm. Cannabis use disorder (CUD), a clinical condition with well-established diagnostic criteria, remains rarely measured, often misclassified, and largely absent from policy discussions.

Female, Hispanic, and Black patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) are less likely to receive OUD medication treatment than other patients. The PROUD (PRimary care Opioid Use Disorders treatment) trial demonstrated that implementation of primary care (PC) nurse care management increases OUD medication treatment compared with usual care (UC). This study assessed whether the PROUD intervention's effect differed across sex, race and ethnicity.

To determine whether alcohol consumption in England had returned to pre-pandemic levels by December 2024, after the initial rise in 2020 across the total population and subgroups.

Evidence for motivational interviewing for smoking cessation is weak, with limited data on long-term abstinence rates. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of in-hospital motivational interviewing-based smoking cessation counselling combined with proactive referral to community-based follow-up on 6- and 12-month continuous smoking abstinence in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease.

To evaluate changes in community consumption and wholesales of alcohol before and after alcohol restrictions were implemented in 2023, aimed at reducing alcohol-related crime and violence.

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly used by individuals attempting to quit smoking, particularly in Japan where HTP use is prevalent; however, the effectiveness of HTPs in achieving complete tobacco abstinence remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the likelihood of complete tobacco abstinence and combustible cigarette abstinence among exclusive HTP users and dual users compared with exclusive combustible cigarette users.

Although buprenorphine-based opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT) is effective, logistical, economic and stigma-related barriers limit access. Telemedicine-Assisted Buprenorphine Induction (TABI) may address these barriers. This study evaluated the non-inferiority of TABI compared with the Standard of Care (SoC) for buprenorphine induction.

The emergence of fentanyl in the street market for opioids has limited the benefits of some interventions to manage opioid overdose; thus, preventing the occurrence of opioid overdose is essential. We tested a behavioral intervention shown to prevent heroin overdose in a pilot study, in two United States cities with prevalent fentanyl.

Food addiction is a dysfunctional chronic psychological disease. Family environment, a modifiable factor, has demonstrated considerable contribution to food addiction. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between family environment and food addiction.

Substance use and other addictive behaviours including gambling remain major public health concerns in the UK. Despite the effectiveness of substance use treatment approaches, treatment adherence and success rates remain low. Contingency Management (CM), a behavioural intervention using positive reinforcement, is a promising approach to enhance clinical outcomes; however, its implementation in UK settings remains limited. This scoping review aimed to explore how CM has been adopted to improve outcomes for substance use and addictive behaviours in the UK, addressing the gap between international evidence and UK-specific healthcare needs.

Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is associated with significant impairments in impulsivity control, contributing to relapse and poor treatment outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may be helpful in modulating these symptoms. This study aimed at [1] investigating the differential effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS on craving, affective impulsivity, and motor impulsivity; and [2] exploring the correlations between changes in affective impulsivity & drug craving, and alterations in resting-state electroencephalography (Rs-EEG) microstate parameters following tDCS interventions.

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death in China, yet less than 10% of smokers seeking to quit receive treatment. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based smoking cessation intervention ('Smokefree Life') via a smartphone app in China.

The current study measured the extent to which different neurobehavioral indices of incentive-motivational salience attribution to alcohol cues predict alcohol craving and consumption in the natural environment.

Tobacco taxes reduce smoking, particularly among low socioeconomic groups; however, some individuals seek cheaper alternatives instead of quitting. This study estimated use of illicitly traded tobacco among Australian adults who smoke and examined associations with sociodemographic, smoking-related (including quit intentions and attempts) and other illicit substance use factors.

To test the efficacy of a participant-referred "study buddy" intervention compared with standard retention strategies in retaining rural people who use drugs (PWUD) in longitudinal research.