Cognitive changes in individuals who have experienced stress and trauma have gained increasing prominence in literature. This study aims to examine the associations between executive dysfunction and attention problems with experiences of family violence - both psychological and physical - and community violence throughout childhood development, as well as to explore the relationship between these factors and epigenetic acceleration in youth.

Recent studies highlight variability in schizophrenia prevalence influenced by sociodemographic and environmental factors. Brazil lacks updated, nationally representative data. This study aimed to estimate the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in Brazil using a representative national sample and examine associations with sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, income, education, and geographic region.

This study aimed to determine the temperament and personality profile of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through systematic review and meta-analyses of published data.

To evaluate the association between domain-based physical activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) in people with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medication known for its hepatoprotective properties and potential to reduce cravings and psychoactive substance use. Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver, and individuals with alcohol abuse often have lower levels. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NAC administration on vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) in adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) undergoing treatment.

The objective of this study was to provide updated evidence on the efficacy of rTMS in OCD, to assess its sustained effects, and to identify moderators of treatment response.

tDCS effects over the prefrontal cortex on reactive aggressive behavior are unclear. We aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anodal tDCS versus sham stimulation on reactive aggressive behavior in healthy volunteers experimentally induced to aggressive behavior.

This study aimed to characterize response trajectories in MDD patients and identify clinical and demographic predictors for symptom alleviation.

Suicide is a major global health concern and one of the leading causes of preventable death. Objective data to assess suicide risk in individuals with depression is currently lacking. This study explores the potential of voice analysis as an objective tool for suicide risk assessment and improved diagnostic accuracy.

To estimate the potential impact of physical activity (PA) on the forecast prevalence and economic cost of dementia among Brazilian adults.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is often comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is associated with inhibitory control deficits. However, the differences in whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) between TS with and without ADHD and their neural basis for inhibitory control remain unclear. This study examines FC differences between these groups and their association with inhibitory control.

To evaluate the item performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a growing neurodevelopmental condition worldwide. Data addressing in Brazil are scarce and identifying regional differences in ASD reporting is crucial for shaping policies that ensure equity and accessibility.

This study investigated the effects of the Flourishing Intervention (FI) versus usual care (UC) on craving symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among hospitalized crack/cocaine users.

Despite growing research on the potential mental health benefits of psychedelics, there has been limited study of these drugs in populations with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry.

To develop national evidence-based treatment guidelines for panic disorder (PD) in Brazil through an overview of systematic reviews.

This study examines discharge location as a predictor for prolonged length of stay (LOS) in a psychiatric inpatient hospital.

Given the interest in the potential effects of cannabis on medical students, this study aims to establish the prevalence of recreational use within this population.

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are cytokines that play critical roles in maturation, homeostasis, and differentiation of B cells, and are associated with mental disorders. The link between inflammation and depression is well-established. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), who commonly experience depression, exhibit a state of immune dysfunction. We hypothesize that BAFF and APRIL may influence future depressive symptoms in HD patients.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major cause of cognitive decline associated with vascular brain injury. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, but their prevalence across VCI subtypes remains unclear. This study examines the prevalence of BPSD in different VCI subtypes.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the parameters Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI) and Metabolic Score Index for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) between the groups of patients diagnosed with Bipolar disorder (BD) in euthymic, manic and depressive states and healthy controls.

Schizophrenia patients present poorer social cognition skills related to altered default mode network (DMN) functioning. In this context, glutamate NMDA receptors is relevant, alongside the supplementation with a nitric oxide (NO) donor such as sodium nitroprusside.