Influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults, and conventional inactivated vaccines often elicit suboptimal immune responses in this population. Recent phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated mRNA-based influenza vaccines, but a quantitative synthesis of their immunogenicity in adults aged ≥65 years is lacking.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among inhaled toxins worldwide. The use of chimneyless stoves, barbecues and water heaters in small areas with poor ventilation leads to CO poisoning and increases the number of emergency department admissions.

is resistant to many antifungals, spreads rapidly and causes deaths in patient groups with comorbid factors.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) is a wellknown complication of thyroidectomy that can lead to vocal cord palsy (VCP). Identifying risk factors and reducing the incidence of RLNI are essential for improving surgical outcomes.

Metabolic and bariatric surgeries are effective interventions in reducing weight and mortality. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the most commonly performed procedure, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It involves resection of approximately 80% of the stomach, yielding large specimens for histopathological evaluation.

Errors in clinical laboratory tests can have a detrimental effect on healthcare delivery. The pre-analytical phase accounts for most laboratory errors, known as pre-analytical errors (PAEs).

Toxoplasmosis, an opportunistic intracellular protozoan infection caused by (), and rubella, caused by the rubella virus (RV) are the two most common TORCH infections.

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a cardiac dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis, yet no consensus exists on standardized diagnostic criteria. We aimed to assess CCM prevalence using several guidelines.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted cancer care, resulting in significant diagnostic delays.

Anthracyclines are widely used in cancer treatment and cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity 2 different by increasing oxidative stress and RAS activation. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) show promise in reducing this damage.

Seroma is a common complication of breast cancer surgery, affecting up to 85% of cases.

Follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas (FCTC) are common, with stable mortality rates but significant recurrence risks. Extrathyroidal extension (ETE) affects recurrence risk and staging. The 8th edition of the AJCC/TNM classification excludes microscopic ETE from upstaging but considers gross ETE a significant factor in older patients.

Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) is a significant potential complication following thyroidectomy. Identifying predictors can aid in risk stratification, management, and potentially prevention.

Co-infections with hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis complicate the clinical management of people living with HIV by influencing disease progression, treatment response, and transmission risk. Despite the growing HIV burden in Türkiye, data on the impact of these coinfections remain limited.

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are severe complications of vaginal deliveries with long-term physical and psychological sequelae. Data on the prevalence and risk factors of OASIS are limited in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the incidence of OASIS annually from 2017 to 2020, identify associated maternal and delivery factors, and investigate patients' characteristics related to OASIS Grades.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). To our knowledge, limited studies have examined the risk factors of recurrent DKA in the Saudi T1DM population.

While the present literature emphasizes that surgical biopsies are the gold standard in diagnosing salivary gland tumors, several studies highlight the role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) due to its high diagnostic yield and minimally invasive nature. However, the role of FNA and its accuracy in diagnosing salivary gland tumors compared to surgical biopsies is poorly investigated in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia.

is a high priority fungal pathogen due to its antifungal resistance and its association with increased morbidity and mortality in infected patients.

Invasive infection in children is associated with significant morbidity and fatality.

Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare primary liver tumour that is distinct from conventional HCC in both histopathological and clinical features. There is no clear consensus on its treatment.