This meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) evaluated the efficacy of venlafaxine in migraine prevention through database searches from inception to 1st November 2024. A total of eight studies involving 582 patients were included. Results demonstrated venlafaxine's superior overall efficacy (OR = 18.71, p = 0.0008) and significant reductions in multiple outcomes, including Visual Analogue Scale Score (MD = -0.83, p = 0.03), migraine days (MD = -1.59, p = 0.02), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI)-total (MD = -5.16, p = 0.01), DHI-physical (MD = -1.73, p = 0.02), DHI-emotional (MD = -2.04, p = 0.02), vertigo severity scores (MD = -1.18, p = 0.0007), and analgesic use (MD = -3.32, p <0.001). No differences were observed in withdrawals due to adverse reactions and any other reasons, including DHI-functional change, duration, frequency change in the Venlafaxine group VLF versus the Other medicines group. TSA revealed insufficient evidence for dizziness improvement (DHI-total: required information size [RIS] = 614 versus currently available size = 242), requiring 372 additional patients to confirm stability and mitigate false positives. While venlafaxine showed advantages over most comparators in efficacy and safety measures, these findings require further validation through larger-scale studies. Key Words: Migraine, Venlafaxine, Meta-analysis, Trial sequential analysis, Efficacy.

Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen, strongly associated with gastric cancer, gastric ulcers, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection necessitates effective eradication strategies. This study evaluated Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) as an adjunctive therapy to standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Comprehensive searches across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, and Web of Science identified relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Analysis of 11 RCTs (n = 2,295 patients) demonstrated significantly higher eradication rates (78.6% to 89.2%) with adjunctive S. boulardii (n = 2,295; ITT analysis: RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18; Z = 4.27, p <0.01) versus standard therapy alone. Crucially, the probiotic combination also substantially reduced treatment-related adverse events (n = 2,183; RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28-0.74; Z = 3.16; p = 0.002), with pronounced reductions in diarrhoea (n = 2,091; RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22-0.93; Z = 2.15; p = 0.03) and rash occurrence (n = 1,271; RR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14-0.77; Z = 2.55; p = 0.01). These findings support S. boulardii supplementation as an effective strategy that enhances standard bismuth quadruple therapy efficacy while mitigating gastrointestinal and dermatological complications in H. pylori management. Therefore, the combination of S. boulardii and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy was effective in the treatment of H. pylori infection and has shown significant efficacy and safety as an effective and safe treatment. Key Words: Saccharomyces boulardii, Helicobacter pylori, Bismuth, Quadruple therapy.

To assess the performance of a deep learning method for detecting the segmentation of periapical lesions on dental panoramic radiographs.

To compare the effectiveness of a flipped classroom model and a large group interactive session (LGIS) method to teach the basis of screening to fourth-year MBBS students.

To determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), assess dominant follicular formation and conception rates after thyroxine replacement, and evaluate the association between SCH and ATD with conception among subfertile females.

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DeepSeek, a rising artificial intelligence (AI) company in Hangzhou, China, introduced DeepSeek-R1, an advanced reasoning model that rivals top large language models such as GPT-4 and Gemini, while operating at significantly lower costs. Its innovative architecture, which includes multi-head latent attention and a mixture of experts, enhances efficiency, reduces computational demands, and improves the processing of long text. DeepSeek's open-source approach has accelerated AI adoption, particularly in clinical medicine, where it supports intelligent diagnosis, surgical planning, and personalised treatment. With multimodal integration capabilities, it processes imaging, pathology, and real-time patient data to optimise decision-making. Notably, DeepSeek can significantly enhance medical education through interactive simulations and virtual training. However, challenges such as interpretability, data privacy, and cultural adaptability remain unresolved. Despite these hurdles, the advancements introduced by DeepSeek in AI-driven healthcare hold promise for enhancing clinical decision support, medical imaging, and patient-doctor communication, thereby positioning it as a transformative force in the field of medical AI. Key Words: DeepSeek, Artificial intelligence, Clinical decision support, Healthcare technology.

To determine the frequency of atypical presentation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in children.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% topical hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). This prospective interventional study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Fourteen patients with symptomatic OLP lesions applied hyaluronic acid in orabase gel for 28 days. Patients were followed up weekly, and the final assessment was performed at the end of four weeks. The baseline mean modified oral mucositis index (MOMI) score decreased from 2.06 ± 0.41 to 0.27 ± 0.34 for cheek lesions and from 1.50 ± 00 to 0.25 ± 0.25 for lip lesions. The mean change in MOMI score for cheek was 1.79 ± 0.40 and for lips was 1.25 ± 0.25. These findings suggest that topical hyaluronic acid 0.2% is effective in the treatment of symptomatic OLP and can be easily and safely used as an adjuvant treatment alongside other topical and systemic treatments. Key Words: Oral lichen planus, Topical hyaluronic acid, Modified oral mucositis index, Oral ulcers.

This study assessed the role of peripheral blood counts in donor deferral and its utility as a quality control measure in blood banking. It was conducted retrospectively at the Department of Haematology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2023 to September 2023. The study included data from 5,515 donors aged 18-50 years, with weight >50 kg, pulse 60-100/minute, and normal blood pressure per AABB criteria. Donors with HBV or HCV positivity were excluded from donation. CBC analysis showed that 704 donors (12.7%) were deferred due to abnormal CBC results, with anaemia (46.3%)-primarily hypochromic-microcytic anaemia-being the leading cause. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were other significant parameters, followed by elevated mixed cell and total leucocyte counts. Most deferred donors did not return, emphasising the need for strategies to improve donor haematologic health and retention. Key Words: Blood banking, Peripheral blood parameters, Donor deferral.

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To conduct carrier screening for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) among individuals of childbearing age in the Hubei region, identify the carrier frequency, and provide a relevant basis and reference for prenatal diagnosis.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treatment for inguinal hernia and to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of open mesh repair (OMR) and laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) techniques in primary unilateral inguinal hernia.

To evaluate the neck muscle stiffness in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) using shear wave elastography (SWE).

 Objective: To investigate the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in the Control group, and to compare the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), handgrip strength (HGS) measured by a dynamometer, pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters, and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) parameters among the COPD GOLD A, B, and E subgroups.

To evaluate survival outcomes and identify sociodemographic and clinicopathological factors associated with survival among women diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) in Karachi, Pakistan.

To compare the positivity rates of pathogens detected in diabetic and non-diabetic pneumonia cases, to assess the role of multiplex respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in diagnosis, and to compare inflammatory parameters between the two groups.

To evaluate the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), a critical cytokine for NK cells, and hemogram parameters in infertile women with unknown causes.

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