Precise control of catalytic reactions in the excited state is challenging, as the highly reactive chemical environment strengthens both forward and reverse reactions simultaneously. Here, we propose a strategy to asymmetrically regulate the reaction channels via the physical mixing of the model catalyst CoO/AlO with 13X zeolite, enabling efficient plasma-driven N oxidation with minimized reverse reaction kinetics. characterization combined with molecular dynamics simulations reveals that the diffusion of the product NO is selectively accelerated through Na-mediated transport channels. This promotes NO turnover on octahedral Co active sites, thereby unidirectionally shifting the reaction equilibrium. Thus, we demonstrate N oxidation performance under ambient conditions that surpasses the efficiency of thermochemical conversion at 1,800 K, achieving more than a 3-fold improvement in the N conversion rate compared to the conventional plasma-catalysis system. This work provides an approach to orderly modulate heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the excited state.

Cell identity can be reprogrammed, naturally or experimentally, albeit with low frequency. Why some cells, but not their neighbours, undergo a cell identity conversion remains unclear. We find that Notch signalling plays a key role to promote natural transdifferentiation in C. elegans hermaphrodites. Endogenous Notch signalling endows a cell with the competence to transdifferentiate by promoting plasticity factors expression (hlh-16/Olig and sem-4/Sall). Strikingly, ectopic Notch can trigger additional transdifferentiation in vivo. However, Notch signalling can both promote and block transdifferentiation depending on its activation timing. Notch only promotes transdifferentiation during an early precise window of opportunity and signal duration must be tightly controlled in time. Our findings emphasise the importance of temporality and dynamics of the underlying molecular events preceding the initiation of natural cell reprogramming. Finally, our results support a model where both an extrinsic signal and the intrinsic cellular context combine to empower a cell with the competence to transdifferentiate.

Despite a variety of glucose sensors being available today, the development of nonenzymatic devices for the determination of this biologically relevant analyte is still of particular interest in several applicative sectors. Here, we report the development of an impedimetric, enzyme-free electrochemical glucose sensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) functionalized with an aromatic diamine via a simple wet chemistry functionalization. The electrochemical performance of the chemically modified carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) was evaluated by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), demonstrating a high selectivity of the sensor for glucose with respect to other sugars, such as fructose and sucrose. The sensing parameters to obtain a reliable calibration curve and the selective glucose sensing mechanism are discussed here, highlighting the performance of this novel electrochemical sensor for the selective sensing of this important analyte. Two linear trends were noted, one at low concentrations (0-1200 μM) and the other from 1200 to 5000 μM. The limit of detection (LOD), calculated as the (standard error/slope)*3.3, was 18.64 μM. The results of this study highlight the performance of the developed novel electrochemical sensor for the selective sensing of glucose.

The problem of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in medicine is long-standing and widespread. This project aims to document and understand how gendered experiences encountered by final-year medical students in Switzerland are experienced by these individuals and how they influence their career choice. It also aims to identify representations and stereotypes linked to the different specialties. The project will take place at all Swiss universities offering a master's degree in human medicine, for a total of 9 programs. Around 36 participants will be recruited. Semi-structured qualitative individual interviews will be conducted. Analysis will be based on Grounded Theory principles.

Maternal mortality and morbidity rates in the United States among racially minoritized populations have continued to worsen over the past decade. Reviews have examined the maternity care experiences and outcomes of Black individuals in the United States. However, few reviews have examined maternal health care providers' experiences in the United States.