Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in a Paraguayan migrant presenting with pulmonary, adrenal, and central nervous system involvement. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, RT-qPCR, and culture. Early recognition and combined antifungal therapy are crucial for management, underscoring the need to consider endemic mycoses in migrants from Latin America.

Strongyloides stercoralis can cause life-threatening infections. Subcutaneous veterinary formulations of ivermectin (IVM) may be the only option for severe treatment, but the dosage and duration are empirical. This article, based on a clinical case, discusses ivermectin concentrations and proposes clinical and parasitological follow-up to guide parenteral therapy in severe strongyloidiasis.

Atypical rabies exposures occur frequently; they result in a dilemma on management. Our experience also reveals gaps in guideline applicability. Rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in many travel clinics. The example presented here emphasizes the value of PrEP to support clinicians in at risk countries.

Pre-travel healthcare in primary care paediatrics remains understudied. Among 629 children receiving pre-travel healthcare, general paediatricians reached more younger, publicly-insured, and VFR travellers, but provided less recommended antimalarial prophylaxis and counselling than travel medicine. Findings highlight need for travel medicine training for paediatricians and equitable access to travel medicine specialists.

Two vaccines have been licensed to prevent chikungunya, a live attenuated vaccine (IXCHIQ) manufactured by Valneva and a virus-like particle chikungunya vaccine (VIMKUNYA) manufactured by Bavarian Nordic. One or both vaccines are now available in many countries globally, including Brazil, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, and some European countries and territories.

Military deployments to dengue-endemic regions present ongoing risks to health and mission readiness. This review synthesizes a century of evidence on the incidence, clinical features, diagnostics, and prevention of dengue in military personnel, aiming to guide future health policies, research, and Force Health Protection strategies.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In recent years, TBE endemic areas have expanded in Europe and the incidence of surveillance-reported TBE cases has increased. TBE is preventable through vaccination, with vaccines available and recommended for residents of, and travelers to, TBE endemic regions. We summarized the published literature on international travel-associated TBE cases and country-specific TBE vaccine recommendations for travelers.

Analysis of 13 imported malaria cases revealed 87.5% diagnostic failure rate at primary care facilities, with 38.5% progressing to severe malaria, emphasizing critical gaps in Vietnam's malaria elimination strategy.

Traveller's diarrhoea (TD) remains one of the most prevalent health concerns affecting individuals visiting low- to middle-income countries. Among the primary infectious agents, two pathogenic variants of Escherichia coli are especially prominent: enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). However, comprehensive epidemiological data on these pathogens remain limited and often region-specific. This study aimed to characterize EAEC and ETEC isolates collected from international travellers attending the International Health Department at Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, during two periods: 2001-2014 and 2018-2023.

Many travellers sustain an animal-associated injury (AAI) that may lead to rabies. To avert infection the WHO recommends starting post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 24 hours of the AAI. Many travellers experience PEP delay (60%). The reason for this is unclear, but delay leads to unnecessary health risks, anxiety, and potentially death. Therefore, this study aims to analyse which factors contribute to PEP delay while abroad.

In malaria-endemic regions, escalating sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance has raised concerns about the effectiveness of intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp) in pregnant women. Consequently, exploring IPTp alternatives has become an urgent priority in this population. Azithromycin (AZ) has garnered attention in this aspect due to its capability to treat sexually transmitted infections and its established safety profile.

The intestinal microbiome influences health through communication with the brain, the immune system and gut. Travel exposes people to a different microbes and enteric pathogens that can affect health of the traveller and family that continue beyond the journey.