Multiple anesthesiology endpoints follow log-normal distributions, including surgical times, anesthesia times, epidural placement times, extubation times, and post-anesthesia care unit times. These can be compared among people (e.g., anesthesiologists or surgeons), hospitals, or clinical trial centers to detect outliers. We consider comparisons of each group, henceforth referred to as a "person," with the grand mean.

Position changes due to the implementation of neuraxial anesthesia before hip fracture surgery may cause severe pain, and increases the occurrence of perioperative adverse events, especially for weak elderly patients with cardiovascular and other diseases. Iliaca fascia block (FICB) is commonly used method to control the pain caused by position changes, and has been proven to have a good analgesic effect. However, pain control is not ideal due to ultrasound positioning and fascia diffusion of anesthetic. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a new method for pain control after hip fracture surgery. And also performed in emergency departments for early multimodal analgesia and is increasingly being taught to emergency physicians[1, 2]. However, there are few studies on analgesia before spinal anesthesia in hip fracture surgery, and there is a lack of comparison of the analgesic effect and benefits between the PENG block and FICB in elderly patients with hip fracture. This study employed ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block (sFICB), aimed to compare the analgesic effects of PENG and sFICB before spinal canal block in elderly patients with hip fractures undergoing surgery.

Preoperative oral carbohydrate loading is thought to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, it is unknown if the benefit of carbohydrate loading is maintained in the presence of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether oral carbohydrate loading reduced PONV compared to overnight fasting between adult elective surgery patients receiving TIVA or inhalational general anaesthesia.

The subacromial-subdeltoid bursa block (SBB) has been reported to provide postoperative pain relief following arthroscopic shoulder surgery, although evidence of its efficacy remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the analgesia efficacy of adding SBB to systemic analgesia compared to systemic analgesia alone.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive organ-preserving procedure indicated for the removal of precancerous and cancerous areas in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is highly valuable due to its ability to achieve high en-bloc resection rates and reduced local recurrence. Nevertheless, postoperative pain has been an often-overlooked complication, previous studies found that the incidence of moderate to severe pain after ESD can be as high as 44.9-62.8 %, leading to decreased patient satisfaction. Dexmedetomidine, a selective and potent α2-receptor agonist, has gained recognition in clinical practice for its sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties, with the advantage of not causing respiratory depression as seen with opioids.

Aspiration of gastric content is a serious complication of anesthesia, associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recent studies demonstrated that fasting status can be assessed accurately by gastric ultrasound. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the application of this technique by inexperienced examiners. We aimed to determine the accuracy of gastric ultrasound performed by medical students after a standardized training sequence.

To compare the acceptability and immediate behavioral response of different premedications, considering routes and formulations.

Emergence delirium (ED), a common postoperative neurological disorder in children, is characterized by disturbances in consciousness, attention, disorientation, and perceptual changes. Intraoperative burst suppression has been associated with postoperative delirium in adults, and its relationship with emergence delirium in children remains unclear and controversial.

The success rates of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) blocks varied from 51 % to 100 % by different techniques, which required rich expertise from the operators and/or high-resolution ultrasound. We proposed a simplified ultrasound-guided plane block and explored the 50 % effective volume (EV50) and the 95 % effective volume (EV95) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals.

The use of quantitative neuromuscular monitoring during induction of anesthesia to establish a baseline neuromuscular response and ensure paralysis of the vocal cords during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation has yet to become standard practice. The current study compared intubating conditions based on quantitative measurements (train-of-four count) with intubating conditions based on the time since rocuronium administration.

Various adjuvants can be added to local anesthetics (LAs) to prolong the duration of regional anesthesia. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the relative efficacy of commonly used adjuvants in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks following cesarean delivery (CD).

To compare recovery quality after PCNL using ESPB, TPVB, and placebo.