To assess associations of macular drusen in a general population, affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or free of any retinal disease.

Evaluating keratometric power with Zeiss index (PKZ), paraxial thick cornea power (Gullstrand [PG]) and power referenced to the front (PFV) and back vertex plane (PBV) and raytracing power (PR), and modelling the deviation from PKZ with a multivariable linear prediction model.

The TWO-ROP algorithm is a modified screening protocol based on US data for low-risk infants that limits screening to a single outpatient exam at 38 or 40 weeks to reduce the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening burden without compromising safety. The aim of this study was to validate the algorithm on an external data set outside the United States.

Assessment of patient preferences for local adverse effects (AEs) of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops.

The purpose of this study was to determine the disease course in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome, focusing on long-term outcome and the incidence of complications such as chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Elevated corticosteroid levels are the strongest known risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and previous studies have explored if alterations in systemic immunity could play a role in CSC. Here, we explored if elevated systemic C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation, is associated with CSC. We systematically searched 12 literature databases on 12 April 2025 for studies in which blood CRP is measured in both patients with CSC and a comparable control group. Studies were reviewed qualitatively. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed on the weighted mean difference in systemic CRP levels between patients with CSC and controls. Six studies comprising 544 patients with CSC and 655 control individuals were eligible for this review. The meta-analysis of the difference in CRP between patients with CSC and controls showed no statistically significant difference at 0.86 mg/L (95% CI: -1.03-2.75 mg/L; p = 0.37). One study reported a very high degree of association between elevated CRP and CSC, which was not reproduced in the other studies. The lack of association remained consistent in the sensitivity analyses. Current evidence does not suggest that elevated systemic CRP levels are associated with CSC. Further studies on CSC pathophysiology are warranted.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) may cause homonymous visual field (VF) defects. Standard automated perimetry (SAP) is the gold standard for VF assessment, but it can be challenging in ABI. Continuous visual stimulus tracking (SONDA; Standardised Oculomotor and Neurological Disorders Assessment) simplifies the perimetric task to following a moving stimulus on a screen. We investigated whether tracking performance (agreement between gaze and stimulus position) measured with a SONDA-based eye movement perimetry technique (SONDA-EMP) (1) can detect visual function loss in patients with homonymous VF defects, (2) can quantify visual function loss (in terms of SAP Mean Sensitivity [MS]) and (3) shows a learning effect.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a chorioretinal disease characterised by serous subretinal fluid (SRF) in the macula, resulting in sudden central vision loss. It predominantly affects working-age adults, particularly men aged 30 to 60 years. Its multifactorial pathophysiology is modulated by systemic factors, such as corticosteroid use, psychological stress, and hypertension. Previous studies suggest that broader environmental influences, including seasonal variation, may contribute to disease onset. This study aimed to systematically review and analyse the evidence on seasonal variation in CSC incidence. A systematic search was conducted across 10 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, KCI-Korean Journal Database, ProQuest™ Dissertations and Theses Citation Index, and SciELO Citation Index) on 22 June 2025. Eligible studies included observational designs reporting CSC incidence or frequency across seasons; case reports and reviews were excluded. Five studies, with 907 participants in total, met the inclusion criteria. Three studies with sufficient data were included in quantitative meta-analysis, while the remaining two conference abstracts were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seasonal variation in CSC incidence was reported across studies. Meta-analysis using summer as the reference season showed a significantly increased incidence of CSC in spring (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18-1.73; p = 0.0003) and autumn (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02-1.48; p = 0.03). No significant difference was found for winter (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.80-1.19; p = 0.80). The remaining 2 studies not included in the meta-analysis also reported seasonal trends consistent with these findings. The findings indicate a significant seasonal variation in CSC incidence, with a consistently increased risk during spring and autumn compared with summer. Further research is needed to examine how seasonal environmental and physiological mechanisms may contribute to CSC development.

To evaluate long-term outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy for nAMD using the Polish Retinal Therapeutic Program Monitoring Registry.

We lack knowledge on the potentially progressive nature of and the prevalence of complications to myopia as a characteristic trait of Stickler syndrome.

It is important for clinicians to identify patients with glaucoma at higher risk of poor adherence to topical therapy at an early stage to prescribe alternative treatments. An expert-based set of statements was developed to assist clinicians in the early identification of patients at high risk of low adherence and subsequent poorer clinical outcomes.

To compare bleb morphology after trabeculectomy using a visual grading system, the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale (IBAGS) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

To compare the inflammatory response in the eye after trabeculectomy to after phacoemulsification, focusing on anterior chamber flare (AC flare) and central macular thickness (CMT).

The development of effective therapeutics for dry eye disease (DED) is challenging due to its complex pathophysiology, heterogeneous patient presentation and the significant failure rate of previous clinical development programs. This underlines the importance of the selection of appropriate endpoints for clinical trials. The presented systematic review retrospectively analyzes the endpoints used in controlled clinical trials in studies of DED. Published clinical trials in the field of DED were reviewed from 2000 to 2023 and the used clinical endpoints were recorded by type and frequency of use. All studies that met the primary keyword search across various databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Medline) were imported into Rayyan which was used to facilitate the screening process and support the collaboration between the reviewers. 93 876 studies were found of which 33 908 remained after duplicates were removed. All abstracts were screened for eligibility independently by two reviewers. 355 articles remained for full-text review, of which 194 were included in the present systematic review. The most frequently investigated product was topical medicinal products (88 studies), followed by topical lubricants (57 studies) and nutritional supplements (22 studies). Corneal fluorescein staining (45 studies) and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI; 96 studies) were the most frequently used primary objective and subjective outcome parameters. However, a sustainable number of studies failed to show statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups, despite improvements from baseline. Our findings show that corneal fluorescein staining and OSDI are the most frequently used endpoints in clinical studies, although they frequently are not able to detect differences between the treatment and control groups. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency and reliability of DED clinical trials, a consensus on optimal outcome measures is crucial, and the exploration of novel endpoints should be prioritized. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022350817.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited vitreoretinal disorder characterized by macular retinoschisis. In a subgroup of patients, peripheral retinoschisis can occur, potentially leading to complications such as vitreous haemorrhage (VH) and retinal detachment (RD). Limited data exist on the optimal management of these complications. This retrospective cohort study evaluates clinical characteristics and outcomes of VH and RD in XLRS patients.

To describe the treatment rate for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a tertiary referral neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the south-western region of the Netherlands. In addition, we evaluated the impact of outsourcing laser treatment, implemented in 2018, by comparing treatment characteristics from 3 years prior and 3 years following this organisational change.

To investigate whether primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with an increased long-term risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, given its shared neurodegenerative features.

The Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) was established in 2011, bringing together an international team of researchers studying more than 30 cohorts. Since its establishment, CREAM has played a pivotal role in research investigating the genetics of myopia and other refractive errors, serving as a key driver of progress in the field. The aim of this review is to highlight the latest advances and insights from CREAM, with a focus on research carried out in the past 5 years. We performed a literature review of journal articles authored by the CREAM consortium since the year 2020, when the last review of CREAM consortium findings was published. Key discoveries from recent CREAM studies were the identification of SIX6, CRX, PER3, PDCD6IP, MAPT, CHST6, GRHL2, USH2A, P4HTM, COL4A4 and ATM as high-confidence candidate genes associated with myopia development. Variants in enhancers and lncRNA regions were shown to have potential regulatory effects on refractive error; the DDIT4 gene was highlighted as a potential hotspot for future analyses. A polygenic risk score for predicting high myopia with an area under the curve (AUC) accuracy of 0.78 was made openly available; prediction accuracy was close to that required for clinical use. A shared genetic architecture for refractive error and axial length was confirmed. Novel findings were the identification of rare, large-effect gene variants through targeted and whole exome sequencing and the development of a polygenic risk score for predicting children at risk of developing high myopia. Large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies of the myopia endophenotypes axial length and corneal curvature doubled the number of common genetic variants known to be associated with these traits. Nevertheless, much remains to be done to fulfil the promise of myopia genetics research for improving the detection of children at above-average risk of high myopia, and the prevention and treatment of myopia.