Respiratory mechanic instability (RMI) is characterized by irregular chest and abdominal movements due to upper airway collapse or obstruction, frequently observed during obstructive apnea or hypopnea events. This study aims to explore the potential of RMI as a determinant of adenotonsillectomy's success in treating pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

To investigate the association between maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and blood pressure (BP) in preterm children born with very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 g).

Describe the occurrence of warning signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophagitis in children with eating behavior (EB) alterations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

To describe the clinical characteristics of tracheostomized children in Northeastern Brazil and to identify existing gaps in the indication and implementation of palliative care.

This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of EV-D68-associated respiratory diseases among Asian children.

The present study aims to present and discuss the role of neuropsychological assessment (NA) in the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with an emphasis on early diagnosis, on the steps that make up the evaluation process, and on the resources that complement clinical evaluation. Furthermore, the discussion is expanded to specific conditions, such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), considering that they represent frequent assessment demands.

To review the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic options for the most prevalent anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence.

Given the increasing incidence of dry eye in children and the established role of sleep as a key health determinant, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of dry eye in children and its association with sleep, adjusting for confounders.

To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric cancer patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to analyze its effect on biochemical markers.

To explore the application of machine learning methods for screening risk factors for long-term adverse prognosis in neonatal bacterial meningitis, determine the final prediction model, and evaluate its predictive value.

Avoiding early-life exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is critical for neonatal growth and long-term health. However, exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a typical EDC and plasticizer, is unavoidable in neonatal intensive care units due to contact with polyvinyl chloride medical devices.

To synthesize the most consistent warning signs ("red flags") for NDDs: autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, language development disorder, coordination developmental disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and global developmental delay.

Central precocious puberty (CPP) may lead to premature pubertal onset. While the GnRH stimulation test remains the gold standard, its invasive nature and prolonged procedure limit clinical utility, particularly in pediatric populations. Emerging biomarkers, including luteinizing hormone, estradiol, kisspeptin, and vitamin D, have shown promise in distinguishing CPP from normal puberty. This study systematically evaluated the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers both individually and in novel combinatorial models, with the aim of establishing a non-invasive and more accessible diagnostic alternative for CPP.

To describe clinical and cardiologic findings in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in a follow-up of up to 3 years.

This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Dubowitz Neurological Examination (DNE) instrument into Brazilian Portuguese for the neurological assessment of preterm newborns (PTNBs), as well as to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm in which the inflammatory microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of disease. The prognostic value of circulating lymphocyte subsets and cytokines remains uncertain.

To evaluate evidence in the literature on palliative extubation in pediatrics in the context of palliative care, in any healthcare setting, to synthesize knowledge, identify gaps, and highlight future research opportunities.