Precise monitoring of cancer treatment at the subcellular level remains a critical challenge. Therefore, a lysosome-specific AIE nanoprobe integrating stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging and photodynamic therapy is reported here. The probe enables real-time visualization of lysosomal dynamics and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis, offering a powerful platform for high-resolution imaging-guided cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Protonation of a heterometallic silanide complex with an alcohol led to formation of a σ-silane complex. This reaction does not require a strong acid or a weakly coordinating anion. Both metals of the heterometallic complex play an important role, with the aluminium centre sequestering the anion generated in the protonation step.

Phenolic resin (PF) has garnered considerable interest as a precursor for anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high carbonization yield, tunable molecular structure, and well-established synthetic technology. Despite their promise, these materials still face challenges such as low initial Coulombic efficiency, limited rate capability, and inadequate long-term cycling stability. The rational design of high-performance PF-derived carbon anodes necessitates a fundamental understanding of the relationship between their microstructure and sodium storage behavior. In this review, we start from the polymerization and carbonization reaction of PF and discuss the key issues of PF-based hard carbon, along with the sodium storage mechanism. The recent advances in optimizing PF-derived hard carbon are summarized, encompassing the selection of phenolic resin monomers and modification of PF-based hard carbons and their composites. In addition, we offer some perspectives for the design of better PF-based hard carbons for SIBs.

Clusteroluminescence (CL), light emission from non-conventional systems through-space interaction (TSI), offers unique photophysical properties distinct from traditional luminophores. This review outlines dual-level strategies for tailoring CL: aggregation regulation and molecular engineering. Controlling aggregation crystalline or amorphous packing, spatial confinement, and microenvironment design modulates cluster formation and TSI efficiency. Molecular approaches, such as heteroatom incorporation, substituent tuning, and conformational control, enable precise manipulation of electronic structure and emission pathways. Interplay between these levels allows tunable, efficient, and multifunctional CL. By integrating recent advances, we provide a systematic framework to guide rational design of clusteroluminogens (CLgens) toward next-generation luminescent materials.

The carbon nitride powders synthesized by calcination of hydroxyl-substituted melamine derivatives such as ammeline and ammelide exhibited higher photocatalytic H-generation activity than those synthesized from melamine, owing to their large surface areas resulting from defective porous structures.

Catalysts with both high activity and stability are a challenge for the SOR. NiFeCO-S requires 0.303 V ( RHE) to reach 100 mA cm and operates for 100 h. In the SOR-HER coupling system, it can reach 100 mA cm at 0.542 V and operate stably at 200 mA cm for 100 h. This research provides a new path for sulfion oxidation mixed electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

Macrocyclic arenes are a class of host molecules featuring precisely adjustable cavities and abundant recognition sites, which facilitate rich host-guest interactions. Their bridging structures-such as methylene groups, conjugated units, and heteroatoms (, O, S, N, and Si)-can be rationally designed to fine-tune cavity microenvironments, conformational dynamics, and optoelectronic properties. These capabilities make them key building blocks for constructing molecular containers, sensors, and smart supramolecular assemblies. In recent years, macrocyclic arenes constructed from various aromatic building units and bridging groups have gained widespread attention due to their highly symmetrical rigid frameworks, tunable electronic properties, and rich host-guest chemical behaviors. This article systematically reviews the research progress in this class of macrocyclic arenes, focusing on the regulatory effects of different bridging structures on their cavity sizes, conformational features, and optoelectronic properties. It summarizes the latest developments in synthetic strategies such as one-pot methods, fragment coupling, and post-synthetic modifications and discusses their applications in molecular recognition, pollutant adsorption, optoelectronic material construction, and stimuli-responsive systems. Finally, we look ahead to the challenges and development prospects facing macrocyclic arenes in design synthesis and future applications, aiming to provide useful references and insights for research in this field.

A new method for generating La(II) complexes is described in which irradiation of single crystals of the La(III) terminal methyl complex La(SAr)CH, Ar = CH-2,6-(CH-2,4,6-Pr), with Cu Kα X-rays (50 W, 8.04 keV/1.540 Å) during SCXRD experiments results in the homolytic cleavage of the La-C bond and formation of the La(II) complex La(SAr).

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has garnered considerable attention due to its remarkable spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low potential for drug resistance, making it a widely utilized therapeutic modality for various tumors in clinical practice. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting from accelerated tumor cell proliferation and inadequate oxygen (O) supply, significantly impedes the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Furthermore, the O consumption during PDT exacerbates tumor hypoxia, which in turn accelerates tumor progression and contributes to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To mitigate this challenge, recent advancements in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nano-photosensitizers (nano-PSs) capable of alleviating hypoxic TME through a variety of strategies. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in PDT strategies aimed at overcoming tumor hypoxia, which encompass: (1) alleviating hypoxia, (2) utilizing hypoxia, (3) regulating the hypoxic TME, and (4) designing type-I PSs. Through a review of recent advancements, this work seeks to offer insights into the design of nano-PSs that can mitigate hypoxia-related limitations in PDT, while also highlighting future opportunities and challenges for clinical translation.

The selective Pd(II)-catalysed intramolecular 5- hydroamination of 3-alkynyltetrahydroquinolines was developed to give structurally novel sp-rich methanobenzo[]azepine heterocycles. The pendant functionalities of these densely functionalised products include a nitro substituent and a vinyl handle, which were accessible to synthetic modifications for further enhancement of the molecular complexity.

A ruthenium-doped CuO electrocatalyst with a multi-layered hollow spherical structure has been proposed for efficient nitrite conversion to ammonia through electrocatalysis. The unique structure provides nanoconfinement effects, which, together with the tailored electronic properties, synergistically contribute to the reduced energy barriers, resulting in high electrocatalytic efficiency and NH selectivity.

We report a visible light photoredox-catalyzed multi-component reaction (MCR) of -substituted 2-vinyl anilines, diaryliodonium triflates, and sulfonium/sulfoxonium ylides for the efficient synthesis of a diverse range of functionalized -2,3-disubstituted indolines in good to excellent yields. While the MCR involving sulfonium ylides is catalyzed by Ru(bpy)Cl·6HO, the MCR with sulfoxonium ylides can be carried out using inexpensive organic dye fluorescein. Control experiments unequivocally establish the intermediacy of radicals derived from both diaryliodonium triflates and sulfonium/sulfoxonium ylides. The redox-neutral process displays a broad substrate scope, high structural diversity, and proceeds under amenable conditions.

Due to the importance of chiral indole derivatives, catalytic asymmetric transformations of indole-based platform molecules have proven to be robust methods toward the enantioselective synthesis of such compounds. In particular, indolylmethanols serve as versatile indole-based platform molecules for catalytic asymmetric construction of chiral indole scaffolds. As a result, significant progress has been made in the field of catalytic asymmetric reactions of indolylmethanols. This feature article reviews the latest advances in catalytic asymmetric reactions of indolylmethanols, including those from our group, by providing representative examples and insightful analysis. Moreover, the remaining issues in this field are highlighted, which will inspire chemists to devise new classes of indolylmethanol platform molecules, innovative catalytic strategies and asymmetric transformations, thus promoting the further development of chiral indole chemistry.

The plasmonic effect of MXene induces localized photothermal heating and hot-carrier generation, collectively reducing the ionic diffusion resistance and lowering the activation energy of lithium polysulfide conversion. Consequently, the accelerated redox kinetics greatly enhance the capacity and energy efficiency of Li-S cells under near-infrared irradiation.

Conversion of CO into useful products offers promising pathways towards achieving global carbon neutrality, and the development of corresponding advanced catalysts is important but challenging. Many catalysts can facilitate the conversion of CO into mono-carbon C products (such as carbon monoxide and formic acid), while conversion of CO into high-value-added multi-carbon compounds (such as ethylene and ethanol) requires multiple proton-coupled-electron-transfer (PCET) steps and targeted control product selectivity, which remain difficult to achieve in most catalysts. Single atom catalysts (SACs) demonstrate great potential for efficiently electrolyzing CO molecules into high valued chemicals with striking features, including atomically dispersed metal centres, well defined coordination environments, and tuneable electronic structures. In this review, the latest advances in SACs for CO conversion are comprehensively summarized, highlighting how SACs design influences product selectivity in CO reduction reactions, particularly for challenging C products with higher volumetric energy densities and market value. The fundamentals of SACs are first introduced, highlighting their unique advantages and outlining state-of-the-art design strategies and modification methods for performance optimization. The catalytic mechanism of CO on SACs is then delved into and their inspiration for SACs design is elucidated. Most importantly, the latest representative examples of engineered SACs for the electrochemical CO reduction reaction and design principles are presented and how novel SACs engineering enhances their activity, selectivity and stability is discussed, providing guidance for the development of efficient and durable SACs. Finally, the current challenges and limitations in this field are identified and future research opportunities are proposed, suggesting concepts for creating durable and highly active catalytic platforms for CO conversion and further applications.

Nanocatalytic therapy faces limitations from low ROS efficiency and high intracellular GSH. We develop trigonal PtTe photozymes (t-PtTe) with stoichiometry-regulated multi-enzymatic (POD-, CAT-, OXD-like) and NIR-II responses. In acidic tumors, t-PtTe generates ˙OH (POD-like), produces O (CAT-like), and depletes GSH to amplify ROS. Under NIR-II, it enhances efficacy photothermal effect and O photodynamic generation, synergizing with enzyme-catalyzed ROS to induce robust tumor apoptosis with minimal systemic toxicity.

The glycan-rich surface of plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions and represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention. We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a masked bis(pivaloyloxymethyl) phosphonate analogue of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate designed to inhibit glycoprotein biosynthesis in . This prodrug strategy enhances bacterial uptake by neutralizing the phosphonate's dianionic charge, potentially enabling intracellular esterase-mediated release of the active phosphonate. Using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) with AcGlcNAz, we demonstrate that the masked phosphonate exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of glycoprotein biosynthesis, whereas unmasked and cyclic phosphonate analogues show minimal activity. These findings highlight the potential of masked phosphonates as chemical tools for probing bacterial glycosylation and as leads for novel antibacterial agents.

A novel diboronic reagent, danB-Bpai, has been designed, and the copper-catalyzed selective transformation reaction between alkynes and this reagent has been investigated. By regulating ligands and additives, the chemoselective reaction of danB-Bpai can be achieved. The reaction exhibits excellent functional group compatibility, and synthetic experiments have confirmed that its products can serve as important synthetic precursors for a series of compounds with complex structures. Additionally, this study further examined the influence of the aromatic ring attached to the alkyne on reaction kinetics and explored the source of protons in the reaction.

Despite their nephrotoxicity, polymyxins remain in clinical use as last-resort antibiotics, underscoring the urgent need for alternatives amid rising antimicrobial resistance. We report herein the total chemical synthesis and further biological evaluation of three polymyxin analogues that possess an ester linkage within the heptapeptide ring. Thioether installation was achieved pre-established vinyl ester formation, permitting a novel intermolecular thiol-ene reaction with a cysteine thiol to form the polymyxin ring. This moiety aims to sensitise the analogue towards esterase enzymes concentrated within the proximal tubule cells of the kidneys, theoretically limiting polymyxin accumulation, mitigating their toxicity.

The commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is hindered by polysulfide shuttling and the sluggish conversion kinetics. Herein, we report a strategy for regulating the polysulfide conversion pathway a MoC-MoP heterostructure. With moderate adsorption strength and strong orbital coupling, this heterostructure catalyzes the cleavage of LiS into LiS˙ radicals, which subsequently undergo rapid liquid-phase disproportionation to facilitate chemical nucleation of LiS, thereby bypassing the slow liquid-solid conversion step. The S/MoC-MoP@CNF cathode constructed by this mechanism exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, achieving a high discharge capacity of 1054.2 mAh g at 0.5C with a low capacity fading of only 0.062% per cycle.

A regioselective intermolecular nucleopalladation of indolines with unactivated olefins followed by oxidation is developed to access valuable -alkyl indoles in high yields. This one-pot protocol features operational simplicity, scalability, and offers a strategic means to circumvent the intrinsic carbon-centered reactivity of indoles. Additionally, downstream product diversification was demonstrated through the functionalization of C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H bonds.