Dyslipidemias are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In Peru, nutritional transition and lifestyle changes may be contributing to an increase in the incidence of these metabolic disorders, particularly among the working population.

This study investigates the concordance of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) measurements in both hemisomes in patients receiving fluid therapy, since clinical practice suggests performing them in the hemisoma contralateral to that of its administration to avoid interferences. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the concordance of phase angle (PhA), resistance and reactance, both standardized by height (Rz/h, Xc/h) between the hemisoma where the patient is receiving iv fluids and the other one.

Obesity is a growing public health problem. In recent decades, scientific evidence has linked gut microbiota to obesity. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge on the composition and functional differences in gut microbiota between individuals with obesity and those with normal weight. Following PRISMA 2020 recommendations, studies published in adult populations between January 2014 and May 2024 were reviewed. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for observational studies that had used advanced sequencing methods, such as 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics, to assess gut microbiota. The quality of these studies was also analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Our review of 16 studies shows a reduction in microbial diversity in individuals with obesity. In addition, a higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, the families Enterobacteriaceae, Gemellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae and Veillonellaceae, as well as the genera Blautia, Butyricimonas, Collinsella, Megamonas, and Streptococcus, while beneficial bacteria such as the families Porphyromonadaceae and Rikenellaceae, and the genera Bifidobacterium spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, were depleted. Functional analysis showed a tendency to an increase in metabolic pathways associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with reduced pathways related to short-chain fatty acid production. Obesity is associated with altered gut microbiota composition and function. However, the variability across studies regarding population characteristics, dietary pattern, and sequencing techniques limits the comparability of findings. Future research should prioritize standardized methodologies and confounding factors to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome in obesity.

Bitterness perception requires activation of the taste-receptor cells (TRCs) in the lingual papillae. The TAS2R38 specialist receptor (T2R family) is activated by thiol-urea chemicals, where 3 haplotype combinations are highly related to bitterness perception. Tasters (PAV/PAV) and non-tasters (AVI/AVI) represent the homozygous phenotypes, while the heterozygous combinations form the moderate tasters, who comprise approximately half of the population.

This is the case of a man with hepatorenal tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). Following the omission of his usual treatment with nitisinone and the withdrawal of dietary recommendations, the patient developed a severe neurological crisis requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to profound diaphragmatic weakness. Despite the initial severity, appropriate management led to a favorable outcome and, eventually, weaning from mechanical ventilation. This case underscores the critical importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of inborn errors of metabolism, where nutritional therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment to prevent life-threatening complications.

Before 2014, few Endocrinology and Nutrition Departments nationwide routinely used cervical ultrasound. Following the training activities promoted by the Thyroid Pathology Imaging Group, it is important to evaluate the current level of implementation of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided techniques in clinical practice.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) represents one of the central conditions in clinical nutrition, with a complex and challenging management. Teduglutide, an analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), is the first approved long-term, non-symptomatic treatment for SBS. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with SBS who required prolonged home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Following clinical stabilization, teduglutide was initiated, leading to significant clinical and nutritional improvement, including spontaneous closure of enterocutaneous fistulas and a 70% reduction in parenteral nutrition requirements. This allowed for a surgical reconstruction, after which she achieved full enteral autonomy, later developing grade 1 obesity. This case highlights the therapeutic potential of teduglutide as a bridging therapy and the remaining uncertainties regarding its long-term management.

This study investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms in the TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791) and IL6 (rs1800795) genes with obesity in a Venezuelan population.

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial and relapsing disease with a great impact on public health. Due to its high prevalence and complications, it is essential to coordinate clinical care in different health care settings in order to improve the clinical evaluation and treatment of people with obesity and to optimize the use of health care resources. This document, prepared by experts from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC) and the Spanish Society of General Practitioners (SEMG) proposes a comprehensive clinical approach to obesity, based on effective coordination between Primary Care and Endocrinology and Nutrition Departments.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease whose late diagnosis can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, especially in children. The presence of specific autoantibodies allows for the identification of a presymptomatic phase, opening the door to screening strategies targeting populations at high genetic risk, such as first-degree relatives. This document presents the consensus recommendations of the Spanish Diabetes Society (SED), the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) and the Spanish Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (SEEP) on the screening, staging and monitoring of T1D in preclinical stages. Early identification of the disease will enable a personalised approach to be established, promote health education and, eventually, consider therapeutic interventions that may delay progression to the symptomatic phase. This consensus seeks to establish a common framework for clinical action based on the available evidence, with clear recommendations for its proper implementation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is considered one of the earliest markers of myocardial dysfunction. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) and microalbuminuria (MAU) are important biomarkers of cardiac electrophysiological changes and CVD, but their relationship with LVDD in T2DM remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of fQRS and MAU on LVDD in T2DM patients and to analyze whether the association between fQRS and LVDD differs across varying MAU statuses.

This study aimed to assess serum Neuromedin U (NmU) levels in patients with Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vs healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between NmU and body mass index (BMI).

Despite the available scientific evidence, the use of enteral tube feeding in people with advanced dementia is currently controversial. Given this situation, and following the position paper promoted by the SEEN (Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition), a consensus is sought to contribute to improving the management of this condition.

Although former studies indicated that Asturias (Spain) is an iodine-sufficient region, preliminary data suggest this trend may be changing.