In the usual scenario, vertebral hemangiomas do not demonstrate heightened uptake above background on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. Here we presented a case of a positive F-FDG PET/CT result indicating invasive vertebral hemangioma at the L2 vertebra, with atypical CT imaging features of heterogeneous increased density and multiple patchy density shadows. Our case underscores an additional uncommon aspect of invasive vertebral hemangioma imaging, warranting consideration in the differential diagnosis when encountering analogous findings on F-FDG PET/CT.

To evaluate whether pre-treatment salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) with technetium-99m pertechnetate (TcO) can predict the risk of moderate to severe salivary gland dysfunction and xerostomia in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients following their first radioiodine-131 (I) therapy.

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common and disabling complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a potential modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and DPN using the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method.

Gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (Ga-FAPI) has been developed for positron emission tomography (PET) and proved to be a promising imaging agent. It has shown good diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of various solid tumors, including head and neck cancers (HNC). This study conducted a meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) and Ga-FAPI in HNC, summarized the clinical evidence of Ga-FAPI for HNC, and compared the diagnostic sensitivity of the two imaging agents in the primary and metastatic lesions of HNC.

This overview covers the effects of radiation on living organisms, including risks and legal requirements. It defines basic radiation terms, such as ionization, activity, energy dose, or equivalent dose, and explains direct and indirect radiation effects. It also lists foods that should be avoided after a reactor accident, including the topic of iodine prophylaxis.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is considered a rare disease. This is precisely why there are cases of undiagnosed transthyretin amyloidosis, in patients present with restrictive cardiomyopathy, with or without neurological or other symptoms. There are cases of incidental detection of hATTR in patients with cardiac or neurological symptoms using whole-body scintigraphy with diphosphonates. In this paper, we present the accidental detection of hATTR in a 65-year-old patient with neurological and cardiac symptoms, who was referred for skeletal scintigraphy with skeletally avid radiopharmaceuticals due to skeletal pain of unknown origin. Significantly increased uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in the myocardium was observed, corresponding to a Perugini score of 3, with semi-quantification of the heart/contralateral lung fixation ratio (H/CL) of 2.6 in the second hour after radiopharmaceutical application. Ultrasound of the heart was in favor of concentric cardiomyopathy. Due to the high suspicion of hATTR, a genetic test was performed, which showed a pathological mutation of the gene for transthyretin. Hereditary hTTR is probably a more common disease than reported in the literature. Using hATTR detection algorithms and raising awareness of the possible existence of this disease, timely diagnosis using scintigraphy with bone avid radiopharmaceuticals and appropriate therapy can help patients and their close relatives.

Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for initiating therapeutic interventions that may slow or prevent further cognitive deterioration. Mild cognitive impairment represents a transitional phase between normal cognitive aging and more severe forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positron emission tomography (PET) can provide insight into the pathophysiology and progression of neurodegenerative processes associated with dementia and MCI using either fluorine-18 (F)-florbetapir, which detects beta-amyloid plaque burden, or F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, there are limited comparative studies using the two radiotracers to quantify cognitive decline. This case study presents an 83-year-old female with a clinical diagnosis of MCI and a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score of 26, at the lower boundary for normal cognitive function; she was assessed with PET/computed tomography (CT) using both radiotracers. Although global assessments did not reveal significant abnormalities, localized findings showed hypometabolism in key brain regions, such as the posterior cingulate cortex, and beta-amyloid plaque accumulation in the anterior cingulate cortex. These results highlight the limitations of conventional cognitive assessments, like the MMSE, and underscore the potential value of PET imaging as a complementary diagnostic tool. The study supports the role of F-FDG as a stronger indicator of cognitive impairment due to its correlation with cognitive scores, while recognizing the need for further research to evaluate the predictive value of both PET tracers in early MCI detection and their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Using radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer is a promising therapeutic approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of actinium-225 (Ac)-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) for prostate cancer.

Thoracic splenosis is the presence of acquired ectopic splenic tissue within the thoracic cavity, typically following thoracoabdominal trauma or surgery. It is mostly asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiography or tomography. A 64-year-old man was admitted with exertional dyspnea without any other respiratory complaints. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and had undergone bilateral lung surgery and splenectomy due to a traffic accident 30 years ago. Thoracic computed tomograph (CT) revealed an 11x7mm nodular lesion in the posterobasal lower lobe of the left lung, multiple millimetric nodular lesions in the pleura corresponding to the left lung operation site, a focal defect in the right diaphragm, and liver herniation in this area. The diagnosis of "thoracic splenosis" was made by splenic scintigraphy.

Clear iodine-131 (I)-6-β-iodomethyl- norcholesterol aldosterinoma finding, proven on biopsy, without prior discontinuation of spironolactone (due to high blood pressure) reveals no changes on scintigraphic sensitivity.

This report presents a case of a 51-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with incomplete closure of the left eyelid and a crooked right corner of the mouth. She was diagnosed with multifocal head-neck and liver paragangliomas that were confirmed by pathological tests and gallium-68-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The findings of this case suggest that Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be a potential diagnostic tool for paragangliomas.

General paresis (GP) is a type of neurosyphilis characterized by progressive memory impairment and mental disorders. It exhibits clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological similarities to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report a 37-year-old man with memory impairment and emotional disorders, who was clinically diagnosed with neurosyphilis, specifically GP. The fluorine-18 (F)-Florbetapir positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the patient showed mild diffuse amyloid deposition in both the cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Moreover, hypermetabolism in the left hippocampal region was revealed on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT. The patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test and genotyping results further excluded coexistent genetic AD. This case highlights the significance of considering neurosyphilis as a possible differential diagnosis in dementia patients with atypical positive amyloid PET findings. The mechanisms underlying aberrant amyloid deposition in neurosyphilis require further investigation.

To analyze and compare the diagnostic value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and integrated PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in pediatric tumors.

A 70-year-old male patient who presented with persistent upper abdominal pain was found to have a rare case of sclerosing liposarcoma with rib involvement. Despite the absence of significant weight loss or a history of infectious disease, elevated inflammatory markers suggested an underlying inflammatory or neoplastic process. Diagnostic imaging by computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) played a critical role in identifying a soft tissue mass causing osteolytic damage to the left 9 rib. The rapid enlargement of the lesion and the specific imaging characteristics challenged conventional detection methods. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade sclerosing liposarcoma. This case highlights the range of abilities of current imaging modalities in detecting certain forms of liposarcoma and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates clinical findings, radiology, and pathology to accurately diagnose and manage such complex cases.

Gallium-68 (Ga)-pentixafor, a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer with high affinity for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has recently been introduced in order to assess the CXCR4 expression status in vivo. This study is to investigate the role of Ga-pentixafor in detecting various tumors with mice models and to provide references to clinical studies.

Radiolabeling of nanoparticles has potential benefits for personalized treatments and theranostic applications, which have been on the agenda in recent years. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANP), which have a great similarity to bone tissue, stand out as a biocompatible nanoparticle. The different biodistribution properties of hydroxyapatite molecules in different nanosizes may create new opportunities for their use, especially in bone imaging and in the treatment of bone tumors. This study aims to investigate the labeling of hydroxyapatite molecules smaller than 50 nanometers obtained from eggshells with technetium-99m (Tc) and the in vivo distribution of this molecule in rabbits.

The aim of this study is to determine the importance of different fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters, as well as various clinical and demographic parameters, in predicting disease outcomes and response to therapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

To analyze the diagnostic value of fluorine-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and explore its application in distinguishing between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing salivary gland uptake in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).