The study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived social support on adolescent substance use with the mediating role of self-control and boredom in Iran. The population of the study consisted of all adolescent students of high school in Zahedan city located in southeastern of Iran, in 2025. A total of 320 adolescent students were selected as sample using multi-stage cluster sampling and were studied through questionnaires of tendency to substance use, self-control, perceived social support, and the multidimensional scale of boredom. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. The findings indicated that perceived social support had a significant negative impact on substance use in adolescents, perceived social support had a significant negative impact on substance use in adolescents with the mediating role of self-control, and perceived social support had a significant negative impact on substance use in adolescents with the mediating role of boredom. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that perceived social support affects the lack of tendency in adolescents to substance use by increasing self-control and reducing boredom.

This cross-sectional study, conducted from May to September 2022 in Baghdad, Iraq, investigated substance use among 509 healthcare professionals, including physicians, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, and technicians working across both hospital (governmental, university, and private) and community-based settings (clinics and pharmacies). The survey explored their attitudes, knowledge, and practice regarding substance use (including prescription and nonprescription drugs), focusing on the prevalence, patterns, and factors influencing such use. Results revealed that 18.3% reported using drugs without medical justification, with opioids and benzodiazepines most frequently used. Self-medication, particularly with tramadol, was common. Substance use varied by gender, marital status, and specialty. Many participants lacked awareness of the difference between misuse and abuse. Findings highlight the need for targeted education and policy reforms.

The regulation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) varies across countries and regions, and China's program provides important experience for global control of NPS. The aim of the study was to analyze the regulation of NPS in China and provide an important reference for global NPS control. This paper analyzes the legislation, scheduling methods, scheduling updates, and legal prosecution of NPS in China, and discusses improvements in the scheduling of NPS. A combination of individual listing with generic legislation is a feasible option for NPS scheduling. Taiwan regularly updates the scheduling of NPS every three months, and Hong Kong frequently updates the chemical parent nucleus and relevant substituent groups in generic legislation, both of which are valuable practices. The decriminalization of drug abuse imposes lighter penalties in mainland China, and it is also worth learning from the mandatory education programs for drug abusers on the harms of NPS in Taiwan. Taiwan and Macao have classified NPS, as they contend that it is more scientific to apply different penalties to different classifications of NPS. It is suggested that the global community adopt a combined approach of individual listing and generic legislation, regularly update NPS schedules, continuously update the chemical parent nucleus and relevant substituent groups in generic legislation, classify NPS, and apply different penalties, and implement mandatory education programs for NPS users.

This study examines the experiences of Palestinian women living with addicted husbands, highlighting how addiction transforms the home into a site of despair, humiliation, and fragile endurance. Drawing on testimonies shared in women-only digital forums, the research uses thematic analysis to examine how addiction intersects with depression, suicidal ideation, fear, stigma, and coping. Six themes emerged: depression as daily life; despair turning inward as self-harm; suicidal thinking as routine and planned; fear and hypervigilance; silence and abandonment; and fragile coping shaped by faith, work, and social media. Findings show that addiction is not simply a private matter but a structural phenomenon that intensifies economic burdens, corrodes family safety, and erodes dignity. Coping strategies offer temporary relief but rarely secure transformation, as stigma and institutional neglect amplify suffering. The study argues that addiction in this context functions less as an individual illness than as a systemic mechanism of harm that constrains women's agency and reshapes everyday survival.

The relationship between marijuana use and oral cancer risk remains controversial, with conflicting evidence from epidemiological studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available evidence on the association between marijuana consumption and oral cancer incidence. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted comprehensive searches across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to August 2025. We included only case-control studies reporting quantitative risk estimates for marijuana use and histologically confirmed oral cancer (ICD-10 codes C00-C06). Data extraction followed standardized protocols, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I statistics, and publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Six case-control studies involving 4,686 cases and 10,370 controls were included. The pooled odds ratio demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between marijuana use and oral cancer risk (OR = 0.659, 95% CI: 0.500-0.869,  = 0.003, I = 47.35). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the duration of use, gender, and age at initiation of marijuana use; however, no clear dose-response relationship was observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of findings, with ORs ranging from 0.599 to 0.708 across iterations. No significant publication bias was detected (Egger's test  = 0.532). Three individual studies showed statistically significant protective effects, while three others were non-significant. This meta-analysis suggests marijuana use is associated with reduced oral cancer risk. However, given methodological limitations, heterogeneity in exposure assessment, and conflicting recent evidence, these findings require cautious interpretation. Future large-scale prospective cohort studies with standardized exposure measurements are essential for definitive conclusions.

The current study aimed to test the association between perceived online racism, mental health outcomes, feelings of shame and trauma symptoms among Palestinians, and whether posttraumatic growth and resilience mediate the association between these variables.

Alcohol use and its associated problems among older adults are rising. However, the relationship between alcohol use and physical functioning in Chinese population is under-studied.

We examined whether the cultural value of respect based on age was indirectly associated with adolescents' drinking parental psychological control and whether gender differences existed. Korean adolescents ( = 354, 13-16 years old, 207 female-identified) attending a middle school in Seoul participated in an innovative online survey. Measures included the Respect Based on Age Scale developed for this study, an established scale of parental psychological control, and drinking frequency in the past year. Structural Equation Modeling results revealed that respect based on age was positively associated with both dependency-oriented (DPC) and achievement-oriented psychological control (APC), which were in turn positively associated with drinking frequency. These results suggest that both respect based on age and parental psychological control may be risk factors for Korean adolescents' drinking. We uncovered subtlety in the common belief that respect based on age pervades Korean culture, as Korean adolescents simultaneously held two contradictory beliefs: respect should be based on age and also should not be based on age. Moreover, female-identified adolescents felt more bound by the cultural value of respect based on age than did male-identified adolescents, and female-identified adolescents also felt more controlled by primary caregivers than did male-identified adolescents. When male-identified adolescents believed that respect did not come with age, they reported less APC than female-identified adolescents. These results highlight cultural and familial risk factors for Korean adolescents' drinking and gender-based adolescent development in Korea.

Hookah or water pipe smoking has become increasingly popular in recent years, especially among young Iranian adults. This traditional method of smoking poses significant health risks and requires effective interventions. Hence, this study aims to explore interventions that can be effective in preventing and controlling hookah smoking in Iran.

In research on females' participation in the drug economy, Chinese scholarship continues to focus predominantly on the roles and division of labor undertaken by females, with the aim of refining law enforcement practices and sentencing procedures. This orientation overlooks females' subjectivities within drug trades and simplifies the complex entanglements between gender, embodiment, and illicit economies. This study centers on three cases from the southwestern border, foregrounding the narratives and understandings of female participants regarding their bodily experiences before recruitment, during participation in pregnancy-based drug trafficking, and across different stages of their post-trafficking lives. Through the lens of body politics, the analysis reveals how females' bodies, whether within patriarchal structures or the drug economy, are objects. These bodies undergo a trajectory of construction from sanctification to desacralisation, yet at no point do females attain true agency over the interpretation, shaping, or autonomy of their corporeality. Pregnancy-based drug trafficking not only reconfigures the function of the body but also undermines females' moral standing within patriarchal social norms, leaving them to endure intensified trauma and profound experiences of meaninglessness in the aftermath of trafficking. By situating these cases within the specific framework of prohibition-centered drug policy, this article contributes to cross-regional dialogue and offers empirical insights into gendered embodiment. It highlights how state power, illicit economies, and social violence intersect to shape women's corporeal and moral lives.

Family experiences in addiction recovery remain underexplored, particularly regarding their role in sustaining long-term change. This study investigates psychosocial growth among families of women in recovery from substance use, focusing on how collective resilience and systemic engagement contribute to post-traumatic growth. Using grounded theory, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents and siblings of women who had maintained abstinence for one to five years. Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation center in Tehran, Iran. Analysis identified six interrelated themes: (1) family involvement in treatment, (2) repair and reconstruction of family relationships, (3) successful individual recovery, (4) the role of alternative treatment, (5) comprehensive enhancement and inner growth, and (6) sustained community engagement. Families emphasized prioritizing their own recovery, rebuilding trust, regulating emotions, and mobilizing spiritual and social resources. These findings contribute to the literature by conceptualizing recovery as a systemic process of mutual transformation, rather than the cessation of substance use alone. Familial adaptation, social reintegration, and the intergenerational transmission of recovery values were shown to reinforce resilience. Implications for clinical practice include the development of family-centered, multidimensional interventions that promote collaborative recovery and sustain long-term change.

Societal preoccupations are manifest in popular culture, including music. Canadian award-winning musician, The Weeknd, explores substance use and pain in his discography. This study employs inductive thematic analysis to explore how substance use and pain are referenced in his songs. Lyrics from his five studio albums and three mixtapes were reviewed, revealing 399 substance use references. The analysis revealed seven overarching themes, including substance use as a symbol of celebration and luxury, its role in coping with hardship but also potentially leading to problematic use and romantic turmoil. Uncovering these recurrent themes highlights how the narratives that The Weeknd's music constructs around substance use. Knowledge of these themes and narratives could be leveraged in educational initiatives to engage a wide range of trainees on substance misuse, addiction, and its societal impact.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of health behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise among men in Dak Lak, Vietnam. The dataset for the research comprised 1,557 men (aged 16 or above) drawn from a household interview survey in 2022. To assess correlates of health behaviors, we employed a multivariate probit model that considered the potential correlations between these behaviors, which previous research generally overlooked. The main findings revealed that individuals between 35 and 44 years old had the highest prevalence rates of smoking, drinking, and the co-occurrence of both. In addition, members in labor exchange groups possessed higher rates of smoking and drinking, while those from poor households not only reported higher rates of smoking and drinking but also participated in physical exercise less frequently. Moreover, variables such as family influence, age, ethnicity, income, and membership in labor exchange groups were significant determinants. The findings highlighted the need for education, integrated public health interventions, particularly targeting low-income and ethnic minority populations, and emphasized the promotion of healthy behaviors among influential family members.

Literature highlights inequities in substance use treatment experiences among clients from marginalized and stigmatized groups, such as women; Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC); and sexually and gender diverse people. In response, key governing bodies related to substance use treatment have implemented diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives to foster more representative, fair, and inclusive workforces to meet the needs of diverse client constituents. Despite these efforts, there have been no prior studies related to DEI commitment in substance use treatment organizations. As such, the current study examined differences in employee perceptions of their substance use treatment organization's commitment to DEI by race, gender, sexual identity, and leadership role status. Online survey-based data were collected in July-August 2024 from a sample of 369 employees at substance use treatment organizations in the United States. Using linear regression, we tested the associations between race, gender, sexual identity, and leadership role status with perceived organizational commitment to DEI. Female or BIPOC employees had lower perceived organizational commitment to DEI relative to male or White employees. There was no difference in organizational commitment to DEI by sexual identity or leadership role status. Findings suggest a heterogeneity in employee perspectives of substance use treatment-based DEI initiatives on the basis of race and gender. Substance use treatment organizations are recommended to consider differential employee perspectives to inform modifications for DEI initiatives.

Substance misuse frequently serves as a primary coping mechanism in response to trauma. Because Black Adults disproportionately experience greater rates of trauma exposure than White adults, it is essential to determine buffers against racial trauma and subsequent substance use consequences. Previous literature has linked discrimination, a core contributing factor to racial trauma to substance misuse. The study aimed to determine the relationship between racial trauma and substance misuse among Black Americans and other potential moderating factors. Black Americans from across the U.S. ( = 327, = 39.20, = 12.01) were recruited Prolific to answer an online survey through Qualtrics. Linear regression analyses showed that racial trauma was positively associated with Alcohol Use Disorder. Denial coping was found to be a statistically significant moderator of this relationship. However, analyses did not find a significant relationship between racial trauma and drug use disorders. The absence of an association underscores the need for future research to examine factors that may reveal or clarify this potential relationship.

Secondhand smoke is understudied among immigrants in Korea. We examined the impact of smoking rates in the parents' countries of origin on secondhand smoke exposure at home and adolescents' physical and mental health, focusing on immigrant-origin status. Further, we explored the social and environmental determinants of secondhan smoke exposure. Data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey involving 38,690 middle and high school students were used. The relationships between tobacco smoking rates in parents' countries of origin, secondhand smoke exposure, and adolescents' physical and mental health were assessed using multivariable linear regression and generalized structural equation modeling. Immigrant-origin youths reported significantly higher secondhand smoke exposure (M = 1.09, SD = 2.08) than non-immigrant youths (M = 0.85, SD = 1.89, p < 0.001), which directly correlated with their poor physical and mental health. Smoking rates in fathers' countries of origin showed significant indirect effects on physical (β=-0.326) and mental health (anxiety: β = 3.906; distress: β = 0.723, and depression: OR = 1.436) via fathers' smoking behaviors. Adolescents with low subjective socioeconomic status, low academic achievement, and residing outside the Seoul metropolitan area were more vulnerable to physical and mental health problems. Therefore, culturally informed and sex-specific interventions are required to improve the well-being of vulnerable adolescents from immigrant families.

Despite global progress in the field of tobacco control, rates of cessation intentions remain low in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Türkiye. It is imperative to comprehend the multifaceted factors that influence individuals' intentions to quit smoking to formulate efficacious tobacco control strategies. This community-based cross-sectional study explored sociodemographic and psychosocial factors as predictors of intention to quit tobacco smoking among adults in Türkiye. Intention to quit was assessed using a three-stage model: non-contemplation, undecided, and contemplation. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyze the associations between the intention stage and various predictors, including perceived financial hardship, social factors, and motives. Tobacco users' quit intentions varied by sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. Financial hardship (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.44, 9.08) and difficulty with smoking bans (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.35, 6.15) increased the likelihood of being undecided. Primary (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.81) and high school education (AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.56), as well as initiation due to emulation (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.90), were linked to lower likelihood of contemplation. Conversely, adverse life events (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 5.80) and enjoyment (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.02) increased contemplation, while peer influence predicted significantly lower odds of being in the contemplation stage (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.90). This study underlines the sociodemographic and psychological determinants of tobacco use among adults in Türkiye. Public health interventions should prioritize the groups with low health literacy, limited resources, and strong social and peer influences.

This study examined the lived experiences of psychological injuries among families of women who have recovered from addiction. Using a qualitative grounded theory design, participants were purposively recruited in 2023 from a substance abuse counseling center in Tehran. The sample consisted of 15 parents (12 mothers and 3 fathers) aged 48-65 years. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews lasting 60-90 min and guided by open-ended questions. Analysis revealed one core category "Parents' Lived Experience of Their Daughter's Addiction", and two main categories. The first, Initial Positive Family Capacity, encompassed positive intra-family interactions, supportive relationships with relatives, mutual trust, and financial stability. The second, Family Collapse: Internal and External Dimensions, included factors such as denial of the problem, marital conflicts, and the emergence of suicidal and obsessive thoughts. The findings suggest that, although families face significant challenges in restoring stability, resilience can be strengthened by leveraging internal strengths, such as personal abilities, family resources, and public support systems, while avoiding denial and ineffective coping strategies. Neglecting these measures may lead to long-term harm to both family functioning and the wider societal fabric.

This study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional design to determine the physical health status of individuals with substance use disorders receiving inpatient treatment at an addiction treatment center. Data were collected between April 2023 and April 2024 at the Adult Detoxification Center of a psychiatric hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. The sample consisted of a total of 261 individuals with substance use disorders (218 males and 43 females) who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Health Improvement Profile. The most common physical illness among people with substance use disorders is cardiovascular disease. Significant gender-based differences were observed across multiple health domains. In the measurement subscale, women had significantly higher pulse rates compared to men. In the blood test subscale, mean total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were also significantly higher among women. The screening subscale revealed significant gender differences in dental and eye examinations, breast self-examination, presence of constipation and/or diarrhea, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms, such as bloating, distention, or the need for laxative use. Similarly, lifestyle-related variables-including physical activity, daily alcohol and carbohydrate intake, fluid consumption, cannabis use, and engagement in safe sexual practices-differed significantly by gender. It is important to diagnose, monitor, and risk assess the physical health of individuals with substance use disorders. Therefore, mental health and psychiatric nurses should emphasize physical diagnosis and provide a holistic approach to individuals with substance use disorders.

Preoperative drug screening is not routinely performed in Palestine, which poses challenges for medical management, especially during anesthesia for surgical procedures. We aimed to determine the prevalence and types of illicit drugs through preoperative screening of patients undergoing elective surgeries and to compare these findings with self-reported drug use. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 in the surgical departments of two tertiary hospitals. The study involved 236 participants aged 16-55 years from hospitals in the West Bank, who were interviewed about their drug use history and screened using a multidrug rapid test panel (12 drugs). Informed and parental consent were obtained, and assent was secured from participants under 18 years. Of the 224 participants who agreed to urine testing, 13.4% tested positive for at least one drug: benzodiazepines (3.6%), THC (3.1%), tramadol (2.7%), morphine (2.2%), ketamine (1.8%), and MDMA (0.4%). Cocaine, barbiturates, amphetamine, synthetic cannabinoids, and TCA tested negative in all samples. Additionally, 1.3% were users of multiple drugs. Furthermore, 7.6% reported current illicit drug use, and 3.8% were ex-users. Among those who self-reported illicit drug use, 41.2% tested positive for at least one drug, while 58.8% tested negative. Among participants who did not report illicit drug use, 10.6% tested positive. The study highlights significant discrepancies between urine screening results and self-reports, indicating high illicit drug use among surgical patients. Comprehensive preoperative screening, including interviews and urine tests, is essential for ensuring patient safety.

This study examined racial/ethnic variations in the three domains of ACE (neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction) and its association with nicotine, cannabis, and opioid use/co-use among youth from different racial/ethnic groups. Cross-sectional data were from 2207 young adults (mean age 21.84 years). Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the association between the three ACE domains and nicotine, cannabis, and opioid use/co-use. There were significant differences in overall ACE and household dysfunction scores across race/ethnicity. Different ACE domains were associated with different substance use patterns among youth from different racial/ethnic groups. Findings suggest that substance use prevention interventions attuned to the domains of ACE are crucial.