Raoultella ornithinolytica, a species within Enterobacteriaceae, is rarely multidrug-resistant. Here, we report a carbapenem-resistant R. ornithinolytica carrying bla and elucidate its genomic characteristics for the first time in China.

Despite recent developments in national urinary tract infection (UTI) guidelines, primary care physicians have shown limited uptake. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two antimicrobial stewardship interventions in improving antibiotic appropriateness for UTIs in primary care.

Animal-derived Staphylococcus aureus frequently exhibits multidrug resistance, with complex and diverse resistance mechanisms that have raised significant public health concerns. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in swine farms and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and distribution of oxazolidinone resistance genes.

The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 45 is a significant global lineage of MRSA, known for its vast strain diversity and substantial clinical impact. This study aimed to characterize the genomic characteristics and diversity of the ST45-SCCmec Vc-t1081 MRSA strains.

The resistance rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) resistance rate has risen by 20% over the past 19 y in China. The socioeconomic burden of CRKP infections has rarely been estimated.

To investigate the antibiotic resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains and the CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in initial eradication failure children from Henan, China (2019-2024).

During pregnancy, there is increased risk of ascending urinary tract infection (UTI) resulting in pyelonephritis and associated preterm delivery and low birth weight. It is therefore important that pregnant women who are at high risk of pyelonephritis because of the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) or cystitis receive appropriate antibiotic therapy. The aim of this position paper is to propose a risk factor-based approach for the treatment of ASB and cystitis in pregnancy to help ensure that antibiotic treatment is prescribed only when necessary, and that the benefits of antibiotic treatment outweigh potential harms for pregnant women and neonates. Rather than advocating ASB screen-and-treat for all pregnant women who have ready access to healthcare, this risk factor-based approach involves selective screening for ASB in pregnant women with other risk factors for UTI (previous UTI, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract abnormalities or immunosuppression) and/or a history of preterm birth. Antibiotic treatment is indicated for persistent ASB confirmed with two urine cultures during selective high-risk screening, and for all pregnant women with cystitis confirmed by urine culture, with empiric treatment considered for symptoms of dysuria and urinary frequency. Evidence suggests that such a risk factor-based approach will prevent progression to pyelonephritis in pregnant women with ASB and cystitis while complying with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship.

Klebsiella pneumoniae ST395 is an international high-risk clone implicated in OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae (OXA-48 Kp) outbreaks. In Italy K. pneumoniae ST395 was sporadically detected and mainly associated with blaKPC-3 determinant. We aimed to describe increase cases of OXA-48 Kp ST395 in North-Eastern Italy.

Paenimyroides ceti is a newly defined species belonging to the Flavobacteriaceae family. It was originally isolated from the lung and liver of two beaked whales. Here, we report the first complete circular genome of a P. ceti and provide insights into its antimicrobial resistance determinants.

Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins have emerged as novel antibacterial strategies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We identified a bacteriophage-derived conserved sequence encoding an endolysin specific against Staphylococcus aureus. Then a recombinant endolysin (LysNOVA-I) was produced, characterized and evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Raoultella ornithinolytica is recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen, with sporadic reports of multidrug resistance. However, comprehensive analyses of carbapenem-resistant isolates remain limited. This study investigated the molecular features and plasmid-mediated transmission of bla among clonally distinct clinical isolates of R. ornithinolytica in Seoul, South Korea.

We evaluated the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals from 2017 to 2023, in Italy.

Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii) pulmonary disease is an emerging global health concern, and the pathogen's resistance to antimicrobial agents is challenging. Understanding the epidemiology of drug resistance rates and the associated risk factors is useful for guiding antimicrobial agent selection for M. kansasii treatment.

Evaluate the prevalence of pretreatment HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors in newly diagnosed patients in the general population before dolutegravir era as first-line treatment regimens in Benin.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major global health concern, particularly in regions with rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Lebanon, increasing resistance among respiratory pathogens complicates management, limiting treatment options and worsening clinical and economic outcomes. This expert panel review assessed recent national AMR data to adapt CAP treatment recommendations to the Lebanese context. The 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines and their 2025 update were reviewed; while most recommendations were retained, empiric antibiotic choices were adjusted for key pathogens based on local resistance patterns. The proposed management algorithm stratifies patients by disease severity, care setting, and AMR risk, integrating pathogen-specific risk factors into clinical decisions. By contextualizing international guidance to local epidemiology and healthcare infrastructure, these recommendations aim to optimize targeted therapy, support antimicrobial stewardship, and preserve antibiotic efficacy in Lebanon's evolving resistance landscape.

Colistin (COL) remains a critical therapeutic agent for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections caused by pathogens. However, its clinical utility is increasingly constrained by escalating resistance rates and significant nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity. In this study, we innovatively developed a combination therapy of COL with α-mangostin (α-M), a bioactive compound derived from mangosteen, and investigated its antibacterial mechanisms, thereby expanding the potential applications of natural products in addressing antimicrobial resistance.

This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics and penetration of contezolid into bone tissues and body fluids in patients undergoing artificial hip or knee replacement surgery.

Multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a global public health issue, and bacteriophages are an effective alternative therapy over antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance. This study was designed to isolate bacteriophages and determine their antimicrobial potential against P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds and the environment of the burn ward.