The phentermine/topiramate combination represents one of the most effective anti-obesity therapies under investigation; however, its safety profile requires further exploration. This study aimed to systematically analyze adverse events (AEs) associated with phentermine/topiramate using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, identify potential safety signals, and provide evidence to inform safer clinical decision-making.

The prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is related to nutritional status, but how to accurately evaluate nutritional status still remains undetermined.

To examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with quadriceps neuromuscular function and self-reported function in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Overweight and obesity in the elderly are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, beyond body mass index (BMI), other anthropometric measures such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) may provide a better indication of body fat distribution and may be especially useful in a geriatric population. This study explored the value of anthropometric indices in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among older adults.

Data on long-term outcomes with obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults is limited. This study evaluates the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of combination therapy, including FDA approved and off-label obesity pharmacotherapy, over a mean follow-up duration of 4.4 years in adults 65 years or older compared to younger adults.

We examined whether daily step count and the frequency of achieving ≥ 8000 steps/day, independently and in combination, are associated with the prevalence and 5-year incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and older adults.

Patient retention is crucial to the effectiveness of weight management services; however, high dropout rates are a significant limitation. This study aimed to explore the influence of referral, initial assessment and logistical factors on dropout and retention within an NHS weight management service.

The epigenome may represent a link between environmental factors and the genome in determining obesity risk. Alterations in the methylation pattern in DNA can affect gene expression. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate global DNA methylation in children who develop obesity, establishing a comparison between them according to birth weight.

To explore information-seeking behaviours, influences, expectations, and healthcare professional and psychosocial support needs among individuals preparing for bariatric surgery in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and to examine differences across public/private and metropolitan/regional healthcare settings.

Gut microbiota modulation has been proposed as a potential intervention for managing obesity. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of prebiotic/probiotic/synbiotic supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese pediatrics.

Very low energy diets (VLEDs) are effective for rapidly reducing weight in individuals with obesity. They are also associated with a greater fat free mass (FFM) reduction compared to other energy restricted diets. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether the addition of exercise reduces FFM loss during VLED-induced rapid weight loss in people with overweight or obesity. CENTRAL, CINAHL, Medline and Embase databases were systematically searched from inception to October 2024 for randomised controlled trials that combined exercise with VLEDs in adults aged 18-65 with overweight or obesity. The primary outcome was change in FFM. The Cochrane Risk of Bias version 2 tool was used to assess risk of bias. Seven eligible studies (n = 292) were identified. A meta-analysis of five studies (n = 241) showed that VLED with exercise resulted in a higher retention of FFM compared to VLED alone (mean difference = 0.83 kg, 95 % CI 0.17-1.49, p = 0.01). A sub-group analysis was unable to detect any effect from specific exercise modalities. These findings may be limited by the low number and risk of bias of the included studies. Overall, these results suggest the addition of exercise to a VLED may mitigate FFM loss. Greater consistency in reporting exercise prescriptions will improve comparability of exercise modalities and enable the implementation of these therapies in the clinical setting. Prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022309162).

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly used by people with and without diabetes to support lifestyle change. While CGM's efficacy as a behavior change tool is proven, its potential to cause distress remains underexplored. This study assessed CGM-related distress in adults not using insulin and examined associations with baseline characteristics, psychological traits, and qualitative experiences.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity, as vitamin D may be sequestered or diluted in adipose tissue. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and body fat percentage in Korean adults from the KNHANES IX. A total of 4176 participants were analyzed and stratified by sex and age. Total, appendicular, and trunk fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured using LC-MS. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were employed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) and body fat percentage. After adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, dietary factors, and medical condition, younger adults (19-64y) in the highest quartile of body fat percentage (Q4) had significantly higher odds of vitamin D deficiency (men: OR 1.71; 95 % CI, 1.16-2.52, women: OR 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.26-2.31) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1). Similarly, older men (≥65y) in the second and third highest quartiles and older women in the highest quartile showed significantly higher odds. In both age and sex groups, total and appendicular body fat percentages were inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D3 levels (all p < 0.05). Trunk fat percentage was inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D3 levels in younger men and women and in older women (all p < 0.05), but not in older men (p = 0.061). These results indicate that higher body fat percentage partially contributes to vitamin D deficiency across all age and sex groups, with appendicular fat exhibiting a consistent association.

Reliable markers are crucial for the early detection and management of pediatric metabolic syndrome (MS).

The present study addressed whether the number of front-of-package warning labels relates to actual food intake. A total of 400 male undergraduates in Mexico tasted 12 food/drink products, each with 0-4 warning labels. Calorie intake was measured in a controlled experimental setting, with warning labels left visible or covered. Across 4800 product-level observations, a small but consistent negative correlation emerged: more visible warning labels led to fewer calories consumed, a result decisively supported by Bayesian analysis. Findings show that warning labels act cumulatively as risk signals that impact real energy consumption, supporting their use as public health tool.

We read with great interest the article by House et al. detailing recruitment strategies for the Fast Track to Health trial, which evaluated intermittent versus continuous energy restriction in adolescents with obesity and cardiometabolic complications [1]. The study provides valuable insight into recruitment yields across varied referral sources, highlighting the dominant role of specialist referrals (21.2 % enrolment yield) in successful engagement. While the authors have underscored the utility of specialist engagement, the findings also expose a structural gap: underutilisation of primary care and community-based channels.

Overweight and obesity, defined by a body-mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m² and ≥ 30 kg/m² respectively, constitute a chronic disease with rising prevalence, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology and novel treatment options, overweight and obesity remain under-diagnosed and under-treated. This study aims to assess the registration of diagnosis and management procedures related to overweight and obesity compared to other cardiovascular risk factors in hospitalized patients.

To investigate the impact of paternal body mass index (BMI) on semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes in couples undergoing their first IVF/ICSI-ET cycle.

Evidence that exercise reduces abdominal fat is ambiguous, so our review used a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of differences among exercise programs.